The paper discusses the task of organizing the usability testing of web applications that are in pilot or industrial operation. A usability testing technique is described that combines the development, debugging and execution of test scenarios, and analysis of the received test data. The development of test scenarios is based: on the use of the accumulated experience of users who have already worked with this application or with another, similar in functionality; on the use of web analytics, which can provide scenarios of the behavior of user data on the site; and on the use of statistical data on visits to specific pages. Simultaneously with this approach, a different approach is used in the construction of tests. It is based on the development of tests aimed at identifying defects in the program. Debugging and execution of test tasks is carried out in the same way as it is realized when performing functional testing of web applications using testing automation tools. In addition, the analysis of the data obtained during the operation using web analytics makes it possible to form a group of respondent testers, whose capabilities reflect the capabilities of the entire set of probable users of this web application. The approaches outlined in the work were put into practice. As an example, the article provides test data for the page of the admissions committee of MIREA – Russian Technological University – priem.mirea.ru. The obtained experimental data showed that, despite testing the usability of software at the development stages, some errors in the operation of web applications remain undetected. The cost of detecting and eliminating these errors increases significantly. Therefore, it is recommended in the work to increase the level of usability already in the early stages of development. In particular, for the operational prediction of the level of usability, it is desirable to have mathematical tools for modeling the behavior of the designed system and the user.

The article provides the description of an on-board no-touch software-hardware complex for tracking public transport passengers. The complex was designed by the authors. It allows carrying out the following actions in real time: writing down the readings of an ultrasound range finder on objects entering and exiting the door frame; processing the accumulated sets of data and determining the number of people that entered and exited the vehicle during stops; sending out the data through standard connection modules of the vehicle in order to provide specialized monitoring services with information on passenger flow, as well as solving corresponding tasks of predictive analytics. The article overviews existing analogs that are based on using laser detectors, thermal scopes, computer vision technology and floor impact detectors. Their advantages as well as weaknesses that limit their mass use are highlighted. The article also provides the following for the offered software-hardware complex: comparison results, grounds for implementing it on public transport; a description of the hardware part – the composition of the main accessories used (an STM32 controller, an ultrasound diastimeter, an infrared diastimeter); methods for processing the data given by the ultrasound range finder in order to determine the number of passengers that entered and exited the vehicle, including situations when there are many of them on both sides of the door frame, including alternating motions to enter and exit in groups as well as one by one; options of module performance according to the case’s form factor, as well as according to compositions and the number of accessories used; options of compiling modules and describing their installation schemes according to the specifics of the tasks of use to control door frames of various width, including random width.

One of the main directions of information systems development is to increase the efficiency of collecting, processing and exchanging information through the introduction of modern data transfer technologies, automated remote monitoring and control. The cornerstone of this concept is mobile devices that solve the issue of operational data exchange and processing. Modern mobile services used including the exchange and processing of personalized, banking and critical data are the result of the steady increase in the number of crimes in the field of information security in relation to and using mobile devices. The widespread use of these devices for access to protected information contained in information systems has given special importance to the issue of information security.

The subject of this research is to assess the current state of information security mechanisms for mobile operating systems that form the basis of the structure of episodic distributed mobile networks. The Android OS (operating system) was used as an example. The article discusses the problems of the development of a mobile ecosystem and methods aimed at solving them, the main vectors of malicious impact, ways of countering the means of static and dynamic analysis and modern protection mechanisms.

The creation of monitoring clusters based on cloud computing technologies is a promising direction for the development of systems for continuous monitoring of objects for various purposes in the web space. Hadoop web-programming environment is the technological basis for the development of algorithmic and software solutions for the synthesis of monitoring clusters, including information security and information counteraction systems. The International Telecommunication Union’ (ITU) recommendations Y. 3510 present the requirements for cloud infrastructure that require monitoring the performance of deployed applications based on the collection of real-world statistics. Often, computing resources of monitoring clusters of cloud data centers are allocated for continuous parallel processing of high-speed streaming data, which imposes new requirements to monitoring technologies, necessitating the creation and research of new models of parallel computing. The need to use service monitoring plays an important role in the cloud computing industry, especially for SLA/QoS assessment, as the application or service may experience problems even if the virtual machines on which the work is taking place appear to be operational. This requires to study the methodological possibilities of organization to study of parallel processing high-speed streaming services with the processing of huge amounts of bit data, and, simultaneously, to estimate the necessary computational resource. In the conditions of high dynamics of changes in the bit rate of information generation from the source, a model of the bit rate of Discretized Stream (DStream) formation is proposed, which has a common application. Based on the poly-burst nature of the bit rate model, a model of group content traffic of any sources of different services processed in the cloud cluster was created. The obtained results made it possible to develop mathematical models of parallel DStreams from sources processed in a cloud cluster via Hadoop technology using the micro-batch architecture of the Spark Streaming module. These models take into account the flow of requests for maintenance from sources of different services, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, the needs of services in bit rate, taking into account the multichannel traffic of sources of various services. At the same time, analytical relations are obtained to calculate the required performance of the Hadoop cluster at a given value of the probability of batch loss.

A review of robotic systems was carried out. The paper analyzes applied hardware and software solutions and summarizes the most common block diagrams of control systems. The analysis of approaches to control systems scaling, the use of intelligent control, the achievement of fault tolerance, and the reduction of the weight and size of control system elements belonging to various classes of robotic systems were carried out. The goal of the review is finding common approaches used in various areas of robotics to build on their basis a uniform methodology for designing scalable intelligent control systems for robots with a given level of fault tolerance on a unified component base. This part is dedicated to service robotics. The following conclusions are made on the basis of the review results: the key technology in service robotics from the point of view of scalability is the Robot Operating System (ROS); service robotics is today the main springboard for testing intelligent algorithms for the tactical and strategic control levels that are integrated into a common system based on ROS; the problem of ensuring fault tolerance in the service robotics is practically neglected, with the exception of the issue of increasing reliability by changing behavioral algorithms; in a number of areas of service robotics, in which the reduction of mass and dimensions is especially important, the robot control systems are implemented on a single computing device, in other cases a multi-level architecture implemented on Linux-based embedded computers with ROS are used.

To organize an efficient transport structure, modern road telecommunication systems provide information collection about the vehicle connected to the system and analyze it. The modern car in such a system is considered to be connected. Such information systems can collect information about the vehicle. This information includes its driving parameters, location, and the parameters of the vehicle systems state. After processing and analyzing this information, it is possible to form recommendations and control actions. These recommendations are used by the driver or an automated vehicle control system. This article describes the general principle of the operation of modern transport telecommunication systems. The car-to-car type of interaction protocols are highlighted in this system. Wireless communication technologies that allow this interaction to be implemented are described. One of the principles was developed, according to which the system can determine the optimal use of the vehicle resource and the aggressiveness of the driving style of a freight vehicle on the basis of an automated algorithm for issuing recommendations for driver actions. This principle is considered as exemplified by a series of load characteristics of a diesel engine. The principle of choosing the optimal series of recommendations to a group of drivers to optimize the movement of traffic through the car-tocar interaction has been formulated.

At present, the transfer of information is an integral part of technologies that are actively developing in the framework of the process called the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In this, space-satellite, satellite and other mobile wireless communication systems play an increasingly important role. Almost all of them include multiple access, which means a method of common resource division of the communication channel between subscribers (each mobile station has the ability to use a satellite retransmitter or the base station of a mobile wireless communication system to transmit its signals regardless of the operation of another station). Multiple-access communication systems are used for digital radio and television broadcasting in high-speed communication lines, in wireless local area networks, for data transmission in the microwave range, and also for communication with various mobile partners. In the radio transmitting and receiving paths of communication systems with multiple access, multiple signals are used (the sum of the power of the subscriber signals) with very complex types of digital envelope modulation, so they use wide working bands. With an increase in the quality of information transmission in mobile wireless communication systems, there are special requirements for powerful amplification systems (PAS) of receiving-transmitting tracts, which must have high efficiency and high output power, required bandwidth, network capacity, and linearity of message transmission channels. To achieve maximum efficiency in the PAS, the operating point of its amplifying element should be near the saturation region, on the main nonlinearity of the transfer characteristic. When multiple signals are introduced simultaneously into the PAS, it generates unfiltered intermodulation harmonics (IH). Intermodulation harmonics are formed due to the nonlinearity of the amplitude characteristics and the unevenness of phase-amplitude characteristics and due to the need to work with the highest efficiency of the PAS, which requires a shift of the operating point to the saturation thresholds of their amplifying elements. This, in turn, causes the appearance of IH. Since the harmonic oscillations IH actually represent noise for neighboring communication channels and are not theoretically filtered, an equalizer (otherwise an optimizer) of characteristics, is needed to reduce the level of these interferences in the output (Raman) spectrum of the PAS.

The paper presents the generalized results of the authors’ work on the study of thin films of semimetals, which can be used in the development of universal electromagnetic radiation receivers. It is shown that thin-film materials based on semimetals have high thermal sensitivity, low intrinsic noise and an increased absorption coefficient of radiation in the millimeter region of the spectrum. Samples of bismuth films and bismuth–antimony films were obtained by vacuum thermal spraying. A study was made on the thermoelectric properties of bismuth–antimony thin films in the range from liquid helium temperature to room temperature in order to use these films as a bolometric type sensitive element in the range from infrared to radio frequency. A scheme and description of experimental installations for measuring current-voltage characteristics and determining the resistance of samples in the temperature range 1.4–400 K are presented. In the course of the study, the current-voltage characteristics and the temperature dependences of the resistance of film samples with a thickness of 80 and 20 nm were obtained. The characteristics of the manufactured prototype receiver were measured and used as a basis for estimating the possibility of developing bolometric-type receivers with increased NEP (Noise Equivalent Power). The NEP of the manufactured receivers at a frequency of 147 GHz was measured at room temperature and appeared to be ≈(0.3÷1)∙10^–9 Hz^1/2. This NEP value can be improved by cooling the receiver to liquid nitrogen or helium temperatures.

Prospects of developing multi-element receivers for the submillimeter range (SMM) on the basis of thin-film semimetallic sensitive bolometers are considered. Electromagnetic waves of the SMM band have a high penetrating power and allow developing a thermal imager for the detection and observation of objects through various materials: fabrics, cardboard, wood, etc. The previously obtained research results are summarized. On the basis of the theoretical and experimental studies and of a review of scientific, technical and patent literature, in this work, a thermoresistive converter based on single-crystal films of materials in the metal – narrow-bandgap semiconductor – dielectric transition state is selected as a sensitive element. To determine the possibilities of using thinfilm Bi and Bi–Sb system as an absorber of terahertz radiation, as well as a polyimide film as an absorption-enhancing antireflection coating, the transmission spectra and reflection spectra of single-crystal Bi films grown on a 12 μm thick polyimide substrate were measured. The measurements were performed on a setup using selective radiation reception at cyclotron resonance absorption in InSb, which records the thermal radiation of material samples in the range from 1 to 5 THz with a spectral resolution of 0.6 THz. The design and characteristics of the model receiver are presented. The experimental setup was performed using a terahertz gas-discharge laser. The NEP of the proposed receiver is ~(4 ÷ 6)∙10^–11 W/Hz^1/2.

The genetic algorithm of clustering of analysis objects in different data domains has been offered within the hybrid concept of intelligent information technologies development aimed to support decision-making. The algorithm makes it possible to account for different preferences of the analyst in clustering reflected in a calculation formula of fitness function. The place of this algorithm among those used for cluster analysis has been shown. The algorithm is simple in its program implementation, which increases its usage reliability. The used technology of evolutionary modeling is rather expanded in the mentioned algorithm. Firstly, the decimal chromosomes coding is used instead of the traditional binary coding. This has resulted from the fact that the chromosome genes condition is multiple and not binary. Moreover, this is due to the absence of the genetic operator of inversion in this algorithm. Secondly, a new genetic operator used for filtering has been implemented. This operator eliminates chromosomes that do not meet the required clusters quantity condition in a task. Such chromosomes can appear in the stochastic process of their evolution. The presented algorithm has been studied in a series of simulation experiments. As a result, it has been found that stabilization of splitting into clusters is reached when the number of completed generations of evolution is 200 and more, and the population size is rather small: from 150 chromosomes (in this case no considerable amount of random-access store is required). The calculations carried out on real data showed for this algorithm the high quality of clustering and the acceptable computing speed of the same order with the computing speed of SOM and “k-means” algorithms.

The article explores the trinitarian systems used in the natural and technical sciences. Various types of trinitarian systems are considered. A systematic analysis of trinitarian systems was carried out. The article proves that the trinitarian system is the simplest complex system. The paper examines the relationship of trinitarian systems with the theory of categories. It is shown that the trinitarian system serves as the basis for categorical analysis. The paper proves that the trinitarian system is the simplest multigraph. The trinitarian system allows transforming spaces of different curvature into each other. The trinitarian system in linear systems defines a cyclicity, which can entail: development, degradation or bifurcation. Triangulation essentially develops a trinitarian approach and can be considered as the use of a trinitarian system to solve theoretical or technical problems in areas such as, for example, psychology, social sciences, politics, geometry, and ground surveying. The general conclusion is that the Trinitarian system is a universal instrument of cognition.