INFORMATION SYSTEMS. COMPUTER SCIENCES. ISSUES OF INFORMATION SECURITY
To solve the identification problem, a model of the object reprint on the image was developed. This model solves the problem by representing the object in the 3-dimensional form, which allows you to evaluate and form the necessary characteristics of the object in full, whereas in the 2-dimensional form it is impossible to do this.
The developed model of the object reprint on the image completely solves the problem of identifying a person from the facial image in conditions of interference and regardless of changes in the angle.The problem of facial image recognition (identification) is presented. The difference between facial image recognition and identification is shown. To solve the identification problem, a model of object reprint in the image was developed. This model solves the problem by representing the object in 3-dimensional form, which makes it possible to evaluate and form the necessary characteristics of the object in full, whereas in 2-dimensional form, it is impossible to do this. The model of an object reprint in an image can be used to create a reprint of any spatial objects. To train a reprint model of an object in an image, a multi-layer neural network is used, which is trained sequentially. A local detector for the facial image identification model has been developed to account for acceptable changes in angle, various noise, and different light levels. The binary value that is the result of model processing, represented as activation, determines the relation of a particular image to the corresponding class. The local detector is not only the main element of the model of the object reprint in the image, but it is also a separate mathematical construction. It accepts input data as two-dimensional images. The developed model of object reprint on the image completely solves the problem of identifying a person from the facial image as a whole in conditions of interference and regardless of changes in the angle.
MULTIPLE ROBOTS (ROBOTIC CENTERS) AND SYSTEMS. REMOTE SENSING AND NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING
The goal of the review is finding common approaches used in various fields of robotics to build on their basis a uniform methodology for designing scalable intelligent control systems for robots with a given level of fault tolerance on a unified component base. This part is dedicated to extreme robotics and the generalization of the conclusions for the entire review articles.
In this regard, it is proposed to analyze the interchangeable Russian and international microelectronic components, find technical solutions in the field of the control systems and communication between them, which could be implemented both in international and Russian microelectronics and on the basis of them create conceptual model of scalable intelligent control system with a required level of fault tolerance to a unified set of components.A review of robotic systems is carried out. The paper analyzes applied hardware and software solutions and summarizes the most common block diagrams of control systems. The analysis of approaches to control systems scaling, the use of intelligent control, achieving of fault tolerance, reducing the weight and size of control system elements belonging to various classes of robotic systems is carried out. The goal of the review is finding common approaches used in various areas of robotics to build on their basis a uniform methodology for designing scalable intelligent control systems for robots with a given level of fault tolerance on a unified component base. This part is dedicated to extreme robotics and the generalization of the conclusions for the whole review. The paper notes the possibility and necessity of developing common approaches to the creation of robots of various sizes and purposes. It is noted that, in contrast to many foreign countries, in the Russian Federation developers must consider the serious limitations on the electronics components, which do not allow for the free conversion of technologies between civilian, military and space robotics. In this regard, it is proposed to analyze the interchangeable Russian and foreign microelectronic components, to find technical solutions in the field of the control systems and communication between them, which could be implemented both in foreign and Russian microelectronics, and to create on their basis a conceptual model of scalable intelligent control system with a required level of fault tolerance. The model should be based on a unified set of components.
MODERN RADIO ENGINEERING AND TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
In the paper, the image rejection method algorithmic possibility, the main resulting characteristics of implementing the above method circuits, and the simulation model are presented.
The results of this work can be used for further practical implementation of the above mentioned method at the stage of selecting elements based on an analysis of their characteristics.The paper considers the algorithmic possibility of the image rejection method. The main resulting characteristics of circuits implementing the above method are presented. The simulation model allows estimating the selectivity coefficient as a function of the phase and amplitude imbalance of the circuit branches. Mathematical and circuit simulations were conducted. The results of different modeling methods coincide, and the simulation results verify the possibility of implementing the image rejection method. On the basis of this model it is possible to provide a high level (at least 40 dB) of image rejection by amplitude and phase circuit imbalance compensation. The dependence of the noise level at the output of the image rejection circuit as a function of the circuit elements frequency characteristics is given. The results of this work could be used for further practical implementation of above mentioned method at the stage of selecting elements based on an analysis of their characteristics. The simulation model could be used to select required radioelements and to estimate image rejection level. It is possible to estimate the level of image channel suppression, the noise level and the signal-to-noise ratio at the output of the image rejection circuit by using the above mentioned mathematical models and characteristics of the selected elements for practical implementation of the circuit. The effect of the broadband phase shifters on the noise level is considered with the implementation of the above method as an example. It was shown that ensuring a high level of selectivity in order to minimize the noise level of the image channel is advisable only up to some values (about 25 dB). Further improvement of selectivity, for example, by minimizing the phase and amplitude balances, or mutual compensation of the mixer and phase shifter branch imbalances are necessary, if there are requirements for increasing the signal-to-noise ratio. It is shown that it is possible to ensure selectivity of up to 25 dB and a noise level reduction of 2.5-3 dB if the amplitude imbalance of the circuit is up to 1 dB, and the phase imbalance is up to 5 deg. in the required frequency band.
The paper studies the noise immunity of an autocorrelation demodulator of signals with differential phase shift keying in the presence of Gaussian noise, Rayleigh fades, and harmonic interference in the radio channel. The statistical parameters of signals and interference in the inphase and quadrature channels of the autocorrelation demodulator are determined.
It is shown that at a low level of harmonic interference, the Rayleigh fades has a dominant effect.The wide spread of various radio systems with phase shift keying, including multi-position (MPSK), is due to their high noise immunity and ease of construction of the transmitting and receiving parts of the equipment. In real equipment, additional differential (relative) encoding is used when implementing transmitter and receiver circuits and, accordingly, DMPSK signals are used. One of the ways to receive such signals is to use an autocorrelation demodulator built on a quadrature scheme. The paper studies the noise immunity of an autocorrelation demodulator of signals with differential phase shift keying in the presence of Gaussian noise, Rayleigh fades and harmonic interference in the radio channel. The statistical parameters of signals and interference in the inphase and quadrature channels of the autocorrelation demodulator are determined. For M = 2 and 4, analytical formulas are obtained for the probability of a symbolic error, conditional on the random phase of harmonic. It is verified that the formula at M = 2 without harmonic interference reduces to an expression known from the literature. The values of the unconditional probabilities of symbolic errors are obtained by numerical averaging. It is shown that at a low level of harmonic interference, Rayleigh fading has a dominant effect. With a large level of interference, the additional energy loss can be several decibels, and at M = 4 these losses are significantly greater than at M = 2.
ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENT ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
The paper discusses the existing approaches to the use of point and cable sensors to control leaks and humidity.
An alternative solution is proposed: a sorption cable sensor with a large sensitivity range, which, as a leak detector, can be placed anywhere in 3D space where the leakage is most likely, and as a linear humidity sensor, it can replace point sensors in an extended control zone.
Based on sorption cable sensors, it is possible to build effective systems for early detection of leaks by the first signs of their manifestation, environmental humidity control systems, and universal leakage control systems, steam breakthroughs and the level of relative humidity.The paper discusses the existing approaches to the use of point and cable sensors to control leaks and humidity. The principal disadvantages of monitoring systems based on them are shown: when detecting leaks, there is a delay in the response time due to the condition of fluid accumulation around the sensors; when controlling the humidity of extended environments, it becomes necessary to install a large number of point sensors with individual switching channels; there is no universal sensor for monitoring leaks and humidity. An alternative solution is proposed - a sorption cable sensor with a large sensitivity range, which, as a leak detector, can be placed anywhere in 3D space where leakage is most likely, and as a linear humidity sensor, it can replace point sensors in an extended control zone. The research results of the developed cable sensors confirm their high sensitivity, speed and relaxation ability to recover (dry) after leaking. The areas of application considered in the article, examples of the implementation of a sorption cable sensor in a system for monitoring leaks and air humidity of computing nodes with liquid cooling of Russian supercomputers testify to the high efficiency and development potential. Based on sorption cable sensors, it is possible to build effective systems for early detection of leaks by the first signs of their manifestation, environmental humidity control systems and universal leakage control systems, steam breakthroughs and the level of relative humidity. Reducing the time for detecting leaks and steam breakthroughs will allow taking preventive measures to prevent the development of damage, and the use of cable humidity sensors instead of distributed point sensors will dramatically reduce the cost of organizing humidity monitoring of extended environments.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING
The mathematical component of the rapid diagnostics of a heart rhythm was developed.
The parameters with weak cross-correlation with high predictive significance, the spread of the which values corresponds to the normal distribution law, were selected for the discriminant analysis. A function which allows identifying the patient as “sick” or “healthy” (one of the categories) has been defined. The analysis performed for patients diagnosed with arrhythmia also showed a difference from healthy patients, although less pronounced. It was demonstrated that the discriminant analysis in cardiology can be used effectively for rapid diagnostics of heart rate variability.The article is devoted to an important applied problem - the exploration of heart rate variability using linear discriminant analysis. Statistical methods are often used in modern medicine, especially in cardiology. One of these methods is discriminant analysis. It allows studying the differences between groups of objects in several variables. When using the discriminant analysis method, the main indicator is the accuracy of classification, and this indicator can be determined by estimating the proportion of correctly classified patients using a predictive observation equation. The mathematical component of the rapid diagnosis of heart rhythm was developed. The durations of the RR cardio intervals of patients at the age of 60-70 years are the initial data in the research. The data were taken from the databases of medical signals of the open international resource Physionet. The calculated parameters of variational heart rate monitoring for healthy people are presented with different duration of ECG recordings from 5 to 30 minutes. Statistical processing was performed for small samples using the Student criterion with a confidence probability of 95% according to the standard method. Mathematical data processing was carried out by the method of discriminant analysis of variational pulsometry parameters of healthy and sick patients with heart failure. The parameters with weak cross-correlation with high predictive significance, the spread of the values of which corresponds to the normal distribution law, were selected for the discriminant analysis. A function which allows to identify the patient as “sick” or “healthy” (one of the categories) has been determined. The analysis performed for patients diagnosed with arrhythmia also showed a difference from healthy patients, although less pronounced. It was demonstrated that discriminant analysis in cardiology can be effectively used for instant diagnosis of heart rate variability.
ECONOMICS OF KNOWLEDGE-INTENSIVE AND HIGH-TECH ENTERPRISES AND INDUSTRIES. MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIZATIONAL SYSTEMS
The main aim of the research is to analyze factors of the nanoindustry development in Russia by means of the methods of the formal logic, induction, and deduction and by means of the analysis of the open statistical sources.
At the same time, the Russian sector is still at the beginning stage of the search of potentially valuable results of the knowledge-intensive productions. In the paper, the modern state of the Russian nanoindustry is presented and is held under investigation. It’s compared to the nanoindustries in other countries. The SWOT analyze of the Russian nanoindustry development has been made. The advantages and weaknesses of the Russian nanoindustry are taken into account. The possibilities and threats to the Russian nanoindustry market are described. The conclusions of this research can be used in the long-term and short-term forecasts of the Russian nanoindustry development.In the present paper some special features of the Russian nanoindustry are researched. The object of the research is the nanoindustry that is taken into account as a complex structure of the organisations in the Russian Federation, which develop knowledge-intensive production at the nano scale (1-100 nm) with high added value and unachievable earlier technical features and possibilities for different industries. The main theme of this paper is an observation of the set of factors, which have influence on the future of the nanoindustry in Russia. The main goal of the research is to analyze factors of the nanoindustry development in Russia by means of the methods of the formal logic, induction and deduction and by means of the analysis of the open statistical sources. The research is of immediate interest due to the quick development of the nanoproduct world market. It's quite new and includes a lot of actual scientific results. At the same time the Russian sector is still at the beginning stage of search of potentially valuable results of the knowledge-intensive productions. In the paper the modern state of Russian nanoindustry is presented and is held under investigation. It is compared to the nanoindustries in other countries. The SWOT analysis of the Russian nanoindustry development has been made. The advantages and weaknesses of the Russian nanoindustry are taken into account. The possibilities and threats to the Russian nanoindustry market are described. The conclusions of this research can be used in the long-term and short-term forecasts of the Russian nanoindustry development.
ISSN 2500-316X (Online)