The article analyzes opportunities for obtaining additional competitive strengths in engineering products due to the use of augmented reality technology for interactive information provision and support in terms of assembly, operation and maintenance for the products themselves as well as machinery units and production system components employed in the processes listed. The article also provides a short overview of equipment available on the market that can be viewed as a prototype for hardware and software complexes that provide informational support for technical personnel while the latter performs its job functions. It covers prospects of implementing informational systems that provide the operator with visualized supporting content online through the use of AR technology into the life cycle stages, processes of production, maintenance and operation of products and machinery equipment, as well as specialized applications. It also analyzes the necessary functional options and scenarios of using these applications, thus explaining the point of implementing them not as separate software products oriented on separate product units and equipment, but in the context of a unified information service of support for the production process, basically allowing the formation of a new production engineering instrument that goes along with the concept of the fourth technological revolution - reference-informational AR systems, the concept of use for which is universal to all industries and the consumer sector of the national economy. It analyzes the main limitations of the wide use of informational systems based on AR technology and gives grounds for its lessening midterm influence, based on, including but not limited to, the options for implementing new architectural solutions that are supported by the developing wireless data transfer technology (5G standard) as well as video compressing and transfer standards (MPEG-I). Based on the analysis of materials provided, rationale for implementing AR technology into the stages of machinery production and equipment life cycle is given, as well as new opportunities for obtaining their additional competitive strengths and relevance of information security of the corresponding reference-informational systems based on AR technology.

Methods for estimating and predicting the reliability levels of highly reliable systems are analyzed, for example, data centers that include a large number of servers. The frequency of interleaved and software failures on servers is estimated. Methods for monitoring and forecasting server failures are proposed, which exclude simultaneous failures of many devices.

The paper analyzes the condition of additivity of the information and reference kiosk, which allows designing a static kiosk, which is essentially a set of pages organized in order to provide users with reliable information in various fields of knowledge and practice, with additive properties. The condition of additivity is analyzed based on the loading time of the pages of the informational kiosk is implemented on the basis of the concept of a simple website with narrow subject matter by adding the concept of a vertical portal, in connection with which introduced the concept of optimal page load time of the informational kiosk, since the main task of the informational kiosk is the display of the user requested page containing the content within a certain time interval, and a key component of the kiosk GUI. Information and reference kiosk, as a small subscriber system in terms of functionality and volume of content, containing information in text, audio or video format, aimed at providing reference information to the user and giving him a means of interaction, by providing all available system objects and functions implemented in the form of graphical components, is not an exception. The article also discusses the key concepts of the information and reference kiosk, such as additivity, ergodicity, and entropy.

The article defines large territorially distributed automated systems, which include systems that collect and process information from spatially spaced sensors on objects. Examples of such automated systems are military systems, such as a missile attack warning system, a space control system, strategic and non-strategic missile defense systems, and civil systems, such as the state automated Control system, the air traffic control system and other systems. The purpose of these systems is the continuous monitoring of the state of a set of certain objects, the environment of their functioning, the constant assessment of the parameters of objects, the identification of dangerous situations in the behavior of objects and the environment, as well as the development of measures to reduce the level of possible security threats and eliminate dangerous situations.

The typical structure of large territorially distributed automated systems includes sources and consumers of information, telecommunication facilities, as well as a center for processing input data and preparing information for consumers. The sources of information are operators, technical means of observation and specialized measuring instruments. Telecommunication means of big territorially distributed automated systems are formed in two ways. The first option uses existing global data net-works. In the second variant, self-made data transmission networks are formed on the basis of specially created means of data transmission and the use of dedicated data channels. The center of input data processing and information preparation contains a complex of automation tools and personnel providing maintenance, repair and operation.

The functions and the most significant hardware and software components of large territorially distributed automated systems are presented. The main indicators of quality of their functioning and stages of life cycle are characterized: development of requirements, creation of a prototype, certification, mass production, operation, modernization, the end of operation and utilization.

The possibility of the electrosoliton formation in α-helical proteins which represents a localized state of an extra electron bound with the deformation region of the α-helix arising due to the electron interaction with chain of peptide groups is investigated in a quasiclassical approximation. Two possible mechanisms of the formation of collective dynamic modes in the form of Fröhlich collective mode and Davydov soliton were previously suggested by the authors. In this paper, we developed a unified quantum-mechanics approach to describe conditions of the formation of the Fröhlich vibronic state and Davydov soliton in α-helical protein molecules interacting with the environment. The concept of "soliton" is used not only in the strict mathematical sense, i.e. in the case of completely integrable Hamiltonian systems, but also to describe dynamically stable, nonlinear collective structures. Davydov solitons are stable due to a small probability of the dissipation of its energy into thermal energy which provides a high efficiency of soliton transport of energy, charges, and conformation changes in biosystems at a physiological temperature of 310 K.

Electrosolitons can be formed if the value of electron–phonon interaction (EPI) parameter exceeds a certain threshold. One of the most important characteristics of the electrosoliton’s state is the coupling energy of a quasi-particle (exciton or electron) with molecular chain deformation, which also determines the soliton stability. Dynamic equations describing the motion of a one-dimensional electrosoliton in the continuum approximation are a self-consistent system which includes the time-dependent Schrödinger equation with a deformation potential and an inhomogeneous linear wave equation for this potential. This system, known as the Zakharov system, has significance in physics and, generally, describes the nonlinear interaction of two physical subsystems: fast and slow. Zakharov equations have a well-known soliton solution in the hyperbolic secant form, describing the envelope profile of the high-frequency vibrations of a fast subsystem, which can propagate with any subsonic velocity. The suggested mechanism of emergent of macroscopic dissipative structures in the form of electrosolitons in α-helical proteins is discussed in connection with recent experimental data on long-lived collective protein excitation in the terahertz frequency region.

A continuous increase in the volume of stored and processed data leads to stricter requirements for storage media. The most common information storage technology is currently based on magnetic materials, where information in the form of "0" and "1" is associated with the local direction of magnetization, determined by the external magnetic field created by the recording device. It is known that this approach has fundamental limitations on the recording speed which is almost achieved. The requirements for energy efficiency of storage media are also being made stricter. These circumstances lead to the development of alternative approaches to recording information. One of these approaches has been demonstrated in the field of ultrafast opto-magnetism, which has been booming over the past 20 years. It consists in recording information with short optical pulses without the application of an external magnetic field. However, it requires fundamental studies of physical processes, as well as materials, in which magnetization can be controlled by short optical pulses. In this paper, we consider the spin dynamics in a magnetic dielectric: a film of iron - yttrium garnet doped with silicon. The studies were carried out using the pump – probe technique over a time range of up to 800 ns. The spot size was 30 μm, the optical pulse duration was 35 fs, and the pump fluence was about 50 mJ/cm². It is shown that a change in the magnetocrystalline anisotropy constants due to the action of a pump pulse on the structure causes a long-decaying magnetization precession with a period of about 200 ps. The dependences of the amplitude, phase, and decay of the precession on the magnitude of the external magnetic field in the range up to 1.84 kOe were obtained and analyzed. The studied processes can be considered on the basis of the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert model, and be of interest for the optical switching of magnetization, as well as the creation of various spintronic devices. It is shown that films of iron-yttrium garnet doped with silicon are a promising material for magnetic information carriers based on ultrafast opto-magnetism.

Оne of the promising materials in solid state electronics is the AlN compound. A wide range of semiconductor devices are produced from it, such as photodetectors, LEDs, piezoelectric converters, etc. But the widespread use of products based on AlN prevents low manufacturability designs based on it. In this regard, the development of new technologies for the production of devices based on AlN is relevant.

The work is devoted to the study of thin AlN films obtained by plasma spraying from AlN powder. The review of existing technologies of production of thin films AlN is carried out.

Their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Information on the modernization of the VUP-5 installation, which allowed to spray the AlN film from the powdered state, is given.

One of the significant advantages of the process developed in this work is that the substrate is heated to temperatures no higher than 300 oC, which in turn allows to combine this technology with the technology of silicon semiconductor devices.

As a result, films with a thickness of 200 nm on various substrates were obtained and their surface structure was studied. It is shown that AlN films deposited on single crystal substrates such as diamond and silicon have the least roughness, while films on sitall have the worst roughness.

The transmission spectra of the obtained AlN films were investigated by IR spectroscopy. With their help, it was shown that a polycrystalline AlN layer oriented in the crystallographic direction 002 is formed on the substrate. The piezoelectric properties of the obtained films were investigated by scanning probe microscopy. It is shown that their piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃ is 60% of the value for a single-domain single-crystal sample for a diamond substrate, which indicates a sufficiently high quality of the resulting film.

It is concluded that, although the quality of the layers strongly depends on the substrate, nevertheless, they exhibit a significant piezoelectric effect, which allows the use of this method for the manufacture of piezoelectric sensors, ultrasonic emitters, etc.

The operation of the LM27762 bipolar DC–DC converter chip was simulated using WEBENCH software developed by Texas Instruments. The main attention is paid to the influence of the load current on the negative voltage ripples at the output of the charge pumping system and the chip output. The results of the calculations are compared with the results of the experiments. It is shown that the model of operation of the microcircuit created by the manufacturer is approximate. When the microcircuit operates in burst mode, which is realized at relatively low load currents, the discrepancies in the number of discharge – charge cycles, voltage poles at the output of the pumping system, and in the time intervals between bursts are very significant. The model does not allow obtaining data on the ripples of the negative voltage at the chip output. Experiments have shown that the very limited data on output voltage ripples given in the microchip documentation is underestimated. They significantly depend on the input and output voltage and load currents. The discrepancy between the experimental results and the simulation results obtained using the model of the manufacturer LM27762 showed that the actual perfection test of the microcircuits should be based on three factors: experiment, simulation and joint analysis of the obtained results. The simulation results of the operation of the LM27762 circuit board of bipolar DC–DC converter using the WEBENCH Power Designer software developed by the Texas Instruments manufacturing company are presented. The calculations are made at the company's website. For the experimental studies the ready-for-use test board of LM27762EVM test module, provided by the manufacturer of the LM27762 circuit board, is used. The use of the test board, simulator, and software developed by the manufacturer of the circuit board ensures to have no problem while comparing the simulation and experimental results, which can be associated with the use of circuit components with differing characteristics, or with the board layout. The technical documentation for the circuit board does not have information about the characteristics of the keys and capacitors used in the circuit board. Unfortunately, a description of the developed model is not available either. The information mainly concerns the influence of load currents on negative voltage ripples at the charge pump system output and at circuit board output. The simulation has shown that already at a load current of 40 mA, the control system starts operating with a permanent charge pump frequency, while, according to the results of the experiments, the control system continues to work in the pulse train mode even at a higher current of 50 mA. The pulse train for such current consists of 15 charge transfer pulses, the interval between the trains is 3 μs, and the increase in negative voltage per pulse train is also about 75 mV. The comparison made of simulation results and the results of the experiment have shown that the model of operation of the LM27762 circuit board, created by the manufacturer, is approximate. It has been established that owing to a large number of assumptions in the developed circuit board model, when it operates in the pulse train mode, which is realized at relatively low load currents, the discrepancies are rather significant in the number of discharge–charge cycles, the pulsation amplitude at the charge pump system output, and the time intervals between the pulse trains. The simulation of operation of the circuit board does not give data on the negative voltage pulses at its output. The experiments have shown that the data provided in the documentation on the circuit board output voltage pulses, though quite limited, are underestimated. They largely depend on the input and output voltage and load currents. In general, the comparison of the results of simulation of the operation of the charge pump system of the LM27762 circuit board, when it operates in the pulse train mode, and the corresponding experimental results shows that the coincidence of the calculation results and those of the experiment in terms of quality can be considered satisfactory. The discrepancy between the experimental and simulation results, obtained using the manufacturer’s LM27762 model has proved that the true testing of the quality of circuit boards requires three factors to be taken into consideration: experiment, simulation and joint analysis of the obtained results.

This paper derives a formula for calculating the velocity of arbitrary point in the field of view of the satellite camera in the process of orbital imagery of the planet's surface. The formula describes the velocity as a function of the point coordinates in the image fixation plane, the focal length of the imaging camera, the orbital parameters of the satellite, the angular velocity of the planet’s rotation, the coordinates of the satellite’s true anomaly in the orbit, the orientation angles of the imaging camera relative to the orbit, and the angular velocity of the camera. The paper also provides examples of the formula use for calculating the velocity field of image points for different sets of imagery parameters.
The formula is derived under the assumption that the planet is a homogeneous absolutely solid body, shaped as a ball, and rotating at a constant angular velocity; as a result, the satellite moves in a Keplerian orbit, with the planet located at one of the orbit’s foci. Despite this idealization, the derived formula can be used in developing algorithms for remote sensing of the Earth, for building and optimizing the image blurring compensators, for solving the problem of blurred image recovery, and for a number of other problems related to satellite imagery preparation, execution, and processing the results.

This article focuses on gender discourse genesis in the context of both a new feminist movement and the emergence of feminist linguistics. The process of feminist linguistic theory conversion into the feminist social and political practices has also been revealed in the paper. German universities committed to all-European academic cultural tradition differed greatly from other European educational institutions by the number of women in the academic community. The low women representation in German academic environment is due to the following several factors:
- academic institutions do not compete with each other for future students;
- professionalization of science, achievements in scientific researches have caused the high status of a scientist in the German society, as well as the prestige of the academic career;
- the academic career has become attractive for social elites;
- the university boom has led to a dramatic increase of the number of female students and the number of women in the academic staff as well.
These have resulted in the re-evaluation of a woman’s place and role in the society including the language structures and reflected by the academic discourse practices and notably in the so called geschlechtsgerechte Sprache, i. e. “equity in languages” principles.