The directions of perspective research in the field of analysis and modeling of the dynamics of time series of processes in complex systems with the presence of the human factor are described. The dynamics of processes in such systems is described by nonstationary time series. Predicting the evolution of such systems is of great importance for managing processes in social (election campaigns), economic (stock, futures and commodity markets) and socio-technical systems (social networks). The general information on time series and tasks of their analysis is given. Modern methods of time series analysis for economic processes are considered. The results show that economic processes cannot be considered completely random, since they tend to self-organize and, moreover, are subject to the influence of memory of previous states. It was revealed that one of the main tasks in modeling processes in sociotechnical systems (for example, social networks) is the development of a mathematical apparatus for bringing data to a single measurement scale. The modern models of analysis and forecasting of electoral processes based on the analysis of time series: structural, polling, hybrid. Based on the analysis, their advantages and disadvantages are considered. In conclusion, it was concluded that to describe processes in complex systems with the presence of the human factor, in addition to traditional factors, it is necessary to develop and use methods and tools to take into account the possibility of self-organization of human groups and the presence of memory about previous states of the system.

Extended (virtual, augmented and mixed) reality technology gets considered as a new universal component of production (industrial) engineering’s methodological basis, receiving the possibilities for wide use in both extensive and intensive development of carrying and other branches of the fourth, fifth and the forming nucleus of the sixth technological wave. The article gives grounds for the role and place of this kind of technology in contemporary technological processes and production systems (including the flexible, small-volume and discrete production), and in the context of cyberphysical systems and the incoming fourth industrial revolution. The authors describe underline the set of tasks that are universal for a wide range of branches in any national economy, that can be most efficiently completed in terms of the current and prognosed level of development of man-machine interaction can be provided for as a result of using VR, AR and MR technologies. Based on the comparison of implementation principles and examples of applied implementation, the article gives grounds for term correspondence and opportunities of use of “extended reality technology”. The authors have made and explained the conclusion on practicability of integrating extended reality technology based on a universal hardwaresoftware complex that provides VR, AR and MR services corresponding to the composition of a given task within the technological process or the operating mode chosen by a user. The article gives descriptions of task assignments, terms of conduct and results of experiments on designing and testing extended reality interactive environments performed at the institute of information technology RTU MIREA in 2019–2020.

This review article summarizes the material of years of research on the impact of mechanical stresses on the domain structure of multiaxhetoelectrics using the example of barium titanium monocrystals. Since the discovery of the ferroelectric properties of barium titanate in 1944, this material has been the subject of comprehensive investigation as the first practically important and perhaps the most famous ferroelectric. The domain structure of barium titanate is sensitive to mechanical stresses arising both from simple uniaxial compression and from point impacts by local mechanical loading. Mechanical stress applied to a ferroelectric crystal may have a significant effect on dielectric and piezoelectric properties. In particular, 90-degree domain switching is possible under the influence of stresses. The most interesting experimental results are obtained in the study of elastoplastic processes in BaTiO 3 originating from local mechanical stresses. The following features are found and studied: development of strained region around the point of application of the load; “internal” 90-degree domain that does not extend to the crystal surfaces and does not close upon other domains; the growth of 90-degree domains under the influence of residual mechanical stresses; growth of cracks along charged 90-degree domain walls. The notions of “ferroplastic effect” (crystal deformation due to the formation of 90-degree ferroelectric domains) and “ferromechanical effect” (crack formation and growth along charged 90-degree domain walls) are introduced. The hypothesis of a significant role of oxygen vacancies in the processes of 90-degree domain reorientation was put forward and experimentally confirmed. In particular, an increase in the concentration of oxygen vacancies by reducing annealing of barium titanate single crystals creates more favorable conditions for the appearance of an "internal" 90-degree domain under local mechanical load. The study of the mechanisms governing the formation of a domain structure in ferroelectric crystals remains an important problem of modern materials science.

Current trends in the design of electronic systems is the use of embedded systems based on systems on a chip (System-on-Chip (SoC)) or (VLSI SoC). The paper discusses the design features of electronic systems on a chip using the SystemC design and verification language. For the joint design and simulation of digital systems hardware and software, seven modeling levels are presented and discussed: executable specification, disabled functional model, temporary functional model, transaction-level model, behavioral hardware model, accurate hardware model, register transfer model. The SystemC design methodology with functional verification is presented, which reduces development time.

The architecture of the SystemC language and its main components are shown. The expansion of SystemC–AMS for analog and mixed analog-digital signals and its use cases in the design of electronic systems are considered. Computing models are discussed: temporary data stream (TDF), linear signal stream (LSF) and electric linear networks (ELN). The architecture of the SystemC–AMS language standard is shown and examples of its application are given. It is shown that the design languages SystemC and SystemC–AMS are widely used by leading developers of computer-aided design systems for electronic devices.

The article discusses the dynamic programming algorithm developed by R. Bellman, based on the search for the optimal trajectory connecting the nodes of a predefined regular grid of states. Possibilities are analyzed for a sharp increase in the effectiveness of using dynamic programming in solving applied problems with specific features, which allows us to refuse to split a regular grid of states and implement an algorithm for finding the optimal trajectory when rejecting not only unpromising options for paths leading to each of the states, and all of them continuations, as in R. Bellmanʼs algorithm, but also actually hopeless states and all variants of paths emanating from them. The conditions are formulated and justified under which the rejection of hopeless states is possible. It has been established that many applied problems satisfy these conditions. To solve such problems, a new dynamic programming algorithm described in the article is proposed and implemented. Concrete examples of such applied problems are given: the optimal distribution of a homogeneous resource between several consumers, the optimal loading of vehicles, the optimal distribution of finances when choosing investment projects. To solve these problems, dynamic programming algorithms with rejecting unpromising paths, but without rejecting states, were previously proposed. The number of hopeless states that appear at various stages of dynamic programming and, accordingly, the effectiveness of the new algorithm depends on the specific numerical values of the source data. For the two-parameter problem of optimal loading of vehicles with weight and volume constraints, the results of comparative calculations by the R. Bellman algorithm and the new dynamic programming algorithm are presented. As a source of data for a series of calculations, pseudorandom numbers were used. As a result of the analysis, it was shown that the comparative efficiency of the algorithm with rejection of states increases with increasing dimension of the problem. So, in the problem of the optimal choice of items for loading a vehicle of a given carrying capacity with a number of items of 150, the number of memorized states and the counting time are reduced by 50 and 57 times, respectively, when using the new algorithm compared to the classical algorithm of R. Bellman. And for 15 items, the corresponding numbers are 13 and 4.

The article reveals the main trends and staffing impediments in higher educational institutions based on the analysis of legislation and standards, academic literature, statistics and the available management experience of educational activities in engineering training areas. The targeted training attributes as a framework for vocational training management are also specified in the paper.

Shortage of academic staff capable to use the efficient advanced technologies for rebuilding the training process quickly under changing both labor market environment and students’ interests is one of the main factors that today compromises the quality of highly qualified personnel training for the national economy causing serious concern of higher education authorities and educational institutions administration. The lack of interest of academic staff to conduct scientific researches due to on the one hand, by the increased competition for grants, targeted subsidies for fundamental and applied research and the inability (lack of skills) of many applicants to apply for funding correctly and timely, on the other hand contributes to low indicators of the research activities.

The authors have concluded that the targeted training, which allows organizing the training process for young professionals starting from high school graduates, could be the main framework for recruiting them to teaching and researching positions that is undoubtedly to the benefit of an educational institution.

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of organizing the teaching of general training disciplines ("Engineering Ecology," "Safety of the Life" etc.) in the absence of full practice. In such cases, it is proposed to build training on the basis of accounting for the structural properties of the educational material in both lectures and self-work assignments. This is due to the fact that our internal cognitive process is built systemically and at the initial (unfinished) stage of learning is able to provide perception only of structurally represented patterns. A huge set of nuances of their parametric saturation, which "stacked" in the general canvas of the studied material only at its detailed examination, without appropriate practice to assimilate quite difficult. Overcoming this difficulty is associated with the constant presence in the broadcast material of a clearly expressed structural and logical basis. This applies both to the study of theory, and to the formation of tasks (e.g., abstract topics) with obligatory reflection in the last identified structural scheme in the material used. The systemic patterns of the formation of individual perception in its development and stages of formation of representations are shown. Examples of structural schemes used in the presentation of educational material are presented, clearly simplifying its perception and increasing the level of assimilation, for example, by the regularities of the organization and functioning of ecosystems, on the schemes of electricity supply and protection of premises with a system of TN-S with single-phase and three-phase inputs. This approach also allows us to visualize the patterns of coordination between the characteristics of electrically protective devices.

Human capital is one of the main factors in the development of the modern economy. Its condition and trends are determined by the specific conditions in each country. The purpose of this report is to examine the extent to which the different political and socio-economic conditions in Bulgaria and Russia affect the main characteristics of human capital. The analysis of the state of human capital is presented in quantitative and qualitative aspect. Quantitative characteristics are mainly related to changes in the population, its age structure and the state of its health. The educational level of the population and the quality of the educational training are considered in a qualitative aspect. The comparative analysis shows that Bulgaria and Russia have many similarities regarding the state and development of human capital, but the differences prevail. In Bulgaria, the population, as well as labor resources, are rapidly declining, and in Russia the changes are in a positive direction. Russia still manages to maintain a good quality of education, and Bulgaria is retreating from its good positions. On this basis, it is concluded that the different political and economic conditions in the two countries form a specific profile of their human capital, but generate similar problems. This imposes the need for rapid and effective measures aimed at modernizing education and health care systems, changing the funding model and its results, as well as adapting external models and policies to national specifics and traditions.