Performance analysis and timing characteristics in industrial networks with random and deterministic node distributions

Objectives. The aim of the study was to develop mathematical tools to assess the performance and probabilistic-temporal characteristics of packet transmission processes in industrial networks employing random multiple access. Our study specifically examined strict packet delivery time constraints and the impact of collisions.

Methods. The research applies methods from the theory of random processes. We used the Laplace–Stieltjes transform to derive key relationships analytically and prove the main theorem.

Results. We formulated and proved a theorem which defines the Laplace–Stieltjes transform for the packet transmission time distribution function. The result incorporates packet retransmissions caused by conflicts in the multiple access environment. We analyzed information transmission processes in industrial networks with random multiple access, considering variations in the number of workstations and packet flow intensities at network nodes. Our evaluation included throughput, node and transmission medium utilization, and packet transmission times under collision conditions. The results reveal significant differences in the temporal characteristics of packet transmission between central and edge nodes. We developed and implemented a software package, in order to automate the study and evaluate various network operating modes during scaling and under increased nodal load.

Conclusions. The study of industrial networks with random multiple access established that while network throughput increases with the number of nodes during scaling, it degrades under significantly high node and transmission medium utilization. The utilization of edge nodes and their packet delivery times increase markedly faster than those of central nodes. This is due to a higher collision rate. As the network size increases, the performance and temporal characteristics exhibit only marginal dependence on the node distribution type: random or deterministic equidistant. In order to ensure balanced operation in an industrial network with random multiple access, we propose reducing the load on edge nodes by 10–15%. This strategy can maintain approximately uniform utilization of both the transmission medium and the nodes as their number increases.

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