ACADEMY OF SCIENCES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE DECAY OF THE USSR
https://doi.org/10.32362/2500-316X-2018-6-5-55-76
Abstract
On the basis of unpublished archival materials, the problem of finding the optimal strategy for the further existence of the Academy of Sciences in the context of the struggle for power between the Union and Republican centers in the last years of the USSR is studied. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the ongoing discussions on the feasibility of reorganization of the USSR Academy of Sciences. It is concluded that the fate of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, as well as the fate of the country as a whole in the last years of its existence, largely depended on many subjective and objective factors. A significant part of the scientific community adequately and sagely assessed the events unfolding at that time. The decision to transform into the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Presidium's course to preserve it at all costs despite the very complex relations with the new government, which are now causing ambiguous assessments, allowed, in the author's opinion, to ensure the survival of the core of fundamental science in the 1990s in the conditions of deindustrialization and demodernization of the country.
References
1. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 7, 2018 No. 204 "On national goals and strategic objectives of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2024". [Electronic resource] URL: http://www.gARASt.ru/hotlaw/federal/1195467/#ixzz5Eyjx9ysQ (date accessed: 05/08/2018). (in Russ.)
2. Bykovskaya G.A. Scientific and technical policy of the Russian state: Problems of historical continuity and practical implementation. Voronezh: Publisher RNKC "Renakord", 2004. 368 p. (in Russ.)
3. Kalinov V.V. Achievements and miscalculations of the state scientific and technical policy of the USSR in the postwar period. Rossiyskiy tekhnologicheskiy zhurnal (Russian Technological Journal). 2018; 6(1): 74-87. (in Russ.)
4. Bodrova E.V. The collapse of the Soviet Union: Debates about the future. Moscow: MAORI Publ., 2016. 216 p. (in Russ.)
5. Koptyug V.A. Whether to be the Russian Academy of Sciences: [interview with Chairman of the Presidium of SB RAS Acad. V.A. Koptyug / interviewer I. Glotov]. Nauka v Sibiri (Science in Siberia). September 22, 1989. P. 2-3. (in Russ.)
6. Ilyina I.N. Discussion about the fate of the Academy of Sciences in the transcripts of its Presidium meetings 1980-1990-ies. Otechestvennyye arkhivy (National Archives). 2017; (6): 41-42. (in Russ.)
7. Koptyug V.A. Science of compromise: [interview with Chairman of the Presidium of SB RAS Acad. V. A. Koptyug / conversation led by V. Ivanitsky, N. PritvitsЫ Nauka v Sibiri (Science in Siberia). 1990; (4): 2-3. (in Russ.)
8. Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of January 24, 1990 "On the establishment of the Academy of Sciences of the Russian Federation". Vedomosti Verkhovnogo soveta RSFSR (Bulletin of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR). 1990; (6). Article 169. (in Russ.)
9. Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR of March 13, 1990 No. 88 “On the Formation of the Academy of Sciences of the RSFSR” [Electronic resource] URL: http://sssr.regnews.org/doc/vq/fw.htm (date accessed: 17.10.2017). (in Russ.)
10. Koptyug V.A. From the ground up: [an interview with Chairman of the Presidium of SB RAS Acad. V.A. Koptyug]. Nauka v Sibiri (Science in Siberia). 1991; (2): 4-5; newspaper “Sovetskaya Rossiya” (“Soviet Russia”). December 26, 1990. (in Russ.)
11. Decree of the President of the USSR of August 23, 1990 No. 627 "On the status of the USSR Academy of Sciences" [Electronic resource] URL: https://www.lawmix.ru/sssr/2848 (date accessed: 10/28/2017).
12. Resolution of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of 09/21/1990 “On the Suspension of Article 2 of the Decree of the President of the USSR "On the Status of the USSR Academy of Sciences"” [Electronic resource] URL: http://lawru.info/dok/1990/09/21/n1177304.htm (date accessed: 10/11/2017). (in Russ.)
13. Bulletin of the Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR and the Supreme Council of the RSFSR. 1991. No. 8. Article 159; No. 13. Article 438. (in Russ.)
14. Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ARAS). F. 2. Op.1. D. 1675.L.255-256. (in Russ.)
15. ARAS. F. 2. Op.1. D. 1675. L. 257, 258. (in Russ.)
16. ARAS. F. 2. Op.1. D. 1675. L. 274. (in Russ.)
17. ARAS. F. 2. Op.1. D. 1675. L. 272. (in Russ.)
18. ARAS. F. 2. Op.1. D. 1675. L. 275. (in Russ.)
19. Decree of the President of the RSFSR of 11/21/1991 No. 228 "On the organization of the Russian Academy of Sciences" [Electronic resource] URL: http://legalacts.ru/doc/ukazprezidenta-rsfsr-ot-21111991-n-228/ (accessed: 11/19/2017). (in Russ.)
20. ARAS. F. 2. Op.1. D. 1686. L. 19, 21, 22. (in Russ.)
21. ARAS. F. 2. Op.1. D. 1686. L. 20. (in Russ.)
22. ARAS. F. 2. Op.1. D. 1686. L. 23-24. (in Russ.)
23. ARAS. F. 2. Op.1. D. 1686. L. 31. (in Russ.)
24. ARAS. F. 2. Op.1. D. 1686. L. 32. (in Russ.)
25. ARAS. F. 2. Op.1. D. 1686. L. 38. (in Russ.)
26. ARAS. F. 2. Op.1. D. 1686. L. 53. (in Russ.)
27. ARAS. F. 2. Op.1. D. 1686. L. 86-87. (in Russ.)
28. ARAS. F. 2. Op.1. D. 1686. L. 52-53. (in Russ.)
29. ARAS. F. 2. Op.1. D. 1687. L. 21-24. (in Russ.)
30. ARAS. F. 2. Op.1. D. 1687. L. 24. (in Russ.)
31. ARAS. F. 2. Op.1. D. 1687. L. 23-24. (in Russ.)
32. ARAS. F. 2. Op.1. D. 1687. L. 32, 33. (in Russ.)
33. ARAS. F. 2. Op.1. D. 1687. L. 23. (in Russ.)
34. ARAS. F. 2. Op.1. D. 1687. L. 24. (in Russ.)
35. Opening speech of the President of the USSR Academy of Sciences Academician G.I. Marchuk "Save the scientific potential of the country". Vestnik RAN (Bulletin of the RAS). 1992; (1): 11-19. (in Russ.)
36. ARAS. F. 2. Op.1. D. 1687. L. 33. (in Russ.)
37. ARAS. F. 2. Op.1. D. 1687. L. 41. (in Russ.)
38. ARAS. F. 2. Op.1. D. 1687. L. 71. (in Russ.)
39. ARAS. F. 2. Op.1. D. 1687. L. 96. (in Russ.)
40. ARAS. F. 2. Op.1. D. 1687. L. 73(in Russ.)
41. ARAS. F. 2. Op.1. D. 1687. L. 82. (in Russ.)
42. ARAS. F. 2.Op.1. D. 1688. L. 65. (in Russ.)
43. ARAS.F. 2.Op.1. D. 1687. L. 75. (in Russ.)
44. Resolution of the General Meeting of the USSR Academy of Sciences 9-10.11.1991 "On the status and tasks of the USSR Academy of Sciences in modern conditions". Vestnik AN SSSR (Bulletin of the USSR Academy of Sciences). 1992; (1): 121-124. (in Russ.)
45. ARAS. F. 2. Op.1. D. 1688. L. 36. (in Russ.)
46. ARAS. F. 2. Op.1. D. 1688. L. 38. (in Russ.)
47. ARAS. F. 2. Op.1. D. 1688. L. 38-39. (in Russ.)
48. ARAS. F. 2. Op.1. D. 1688. L. 91. (in Russ.)
49. ARAS. F. 2. Op.1. D. 1688. L. 13-14. (in Russ.)
50. ARAS. F. 2. Op.1. D. 1689. L. 126. (in Russ.)
51. ARAS. F. 2. Op.1. D. 1689. L. 127. (in Russ.)
52. ARAS. F. 2. Op.1. D. 1689. L. 128,129. (in Russ.)
53. Gonchar A.A. On the draft of temporary regulations of the Academy. Vestnik AN SSSR (Bulletin the USSR Academy of Sciences). 1992; (3): 13-16. (in Russ.)
54. ARAS. F. 2. Op.1. D. 1689. L. 136,137. (in Russ.)
55. ARAS. F. 2. Op.1. D. 1689. L. 12. (in Russ.)
56. ARAS F. 2. Op. 1. D. 1667. L. 4. (in Russ.)
57. Speech by B.N. Yeltsin at the General Meeting of the Academy of Sciences 12/17/1991 [Electronic resource] URL: http://www.arran.ru/?q=ru/exposition17_1 (date accessed: 03/11/2018). (in Russ.)
58. ARAS F. 2. Op. 1. D. 1667. L. 14-15. (in Russ.)
59. Speeches of participants of the General Meeting. Vestnik AN SSSR (Bulletin of the USSR Academy of Sciences. 1992; (1: 19-121. (in Russ.
60. Marchuk G.I. President's Farewell Speech. Vestnik AN SSSR (Bulletin of the USSR Academy of Sciences. 1992; (1: 129-134. (in Russ.
61. Kornai Ya. Report at the Annual World Bank Xonference on Economic Development (World Bank. Annual Bank Conference on Development Economics – ABCDE. Washington, 18-20 April 18–20, 2000. Voprosy ekonomiki (Economic Issues. 2000; No. 12 [Electronic resource] URL: http://www.r-reforms.ru/kornai.htm (date accessed: 07/09/2018. (in Russ).
Review
For citations:
Bodrova E.V. ACADEMY OF SCIENCES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE DECAY OF THE USSR. Russian Technological Journal. 2018;6(5):55-76. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.32362/2500-316X-2018-6-5-55-76
Views:
499
Email this article 