Approach for identifying the optimal set of qubits of quantum computing devices based on a model for generating binary random sequences

Objectives. The absence of error-resistant quantum computers, coupled with the challenges associated with providing unrestricted and fully operational physical access to cloud quantum computing systems, prompts a critical examination of the necessity to develop universal and independent methods for evaluating and verifying cloud quantum computers. A promising approach involves evaluating the capabilities of a quantum computer in relation to its effectiveness in addressing specific challenges encountered in the assessment of information security systems. A potential test for ascertaining the performance and computational quality of a quantum computing device (QCD) is based on a model designed to generate a random binary sequence. By analyzing this sequence, insights can be obtained into the accuracy and reliability of the quantum register under study. The paper presents a software program developed for simulating the operation of a quantum random number generator.

Methods. The software implementation for interacting with cloud quantum computers was performed using the Qiskit open-source software kit. The graphical user interface of the software package was developed using a Qt5 crossplatform set of tools and widgets for creating applications. The analysis of the generated binary sequence was performed using a set of statistical tests NIST STS².

Results. The developed software package provides users with a graphical interface for conducting an analysis of a cloud QCD to identify the optimal and most error-resistant set of qubits. The findings from experiments conducted on three cloud quantum computing devices are reported.

Conclusions. The proposed approach, which is constrained by limitations of computing power and duration of access to cloud-based QCD, imposes minimal demands on the productive capabilities of the quantum system. It offers clear and unequivocally interpretable insights into the technical characteristics of a cloud quantum computer, while also being reproducible, easily scalable, and universally applicable. 

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