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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mireabulletin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Russian Technological Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Technological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-3210</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-316X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RTU MIREA</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32362/2500-316X-2024-12-4-70-83</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">QDYIBS</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mireabulletin-964</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ РАДИОТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ И ТЕЛЕКОММУНИКАЦИОННЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MODERN RADIO ENGINEERING AND TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Принципы построения бортовых радиолокационных систем наноспутников, основанных на приеме отраженных сигналов спутниковых навигационных систем</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Principles of construction of nanosatellite radar systems based on global navigation satellite system reflectometry</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7084-1433</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ксендзук</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ksendzuk</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ксендзук Александр Владимирович, д.т.н., заведующий базовой кафедрой № 346 – радиоэлектронных систем, Институт радиоэлектроники и информатики</p><p>119454, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 78</p><p>Scopus Author ID 56628472300</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Ksendzuk, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Head of Department Radioelectronic systems, Institute of Radio Electronics and Informatics</p><p>78, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119454</p><p>Scopus Author ID 56628472300</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ks_alex@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7902-0212</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фатеев</surname><given-names>В. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fateev</surname><given-names>V. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фатеев Вячеслав Филиппович, д.т.н., профессор, Заслуженный деятель науки РФ, начальник научно- технического центра «Метрологического обеспечения наземной и космической гравиметрии»</p><p>141570, Московская область, г. Солнечногорск, рабочий поселок Менделеево (промзона ВНИИФТРИ)</p><p>Scopus Author ID 56442213300</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vyacheslav F. Fateev, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Head of Scientific and Technical Center for Metrological Support of Ground and Space Gravimetry</p><p>industrial zone of VNIIFTRI, settlement Mendeleevo, Solnechnogorsk, Moscow oblast, 141570</p><p>Scopus Author ID 56442213300</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">office@vniiftri.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «МИРЭА – Российский технологический университет»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">MIREA – Russian Technological University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГУП «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физико-технических и радиотехнических измерений» (ФГУП «ВНИИФТРИ»)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Russian Metrological Institute of Technical Physics and Radioengineering (VNIIFTRI)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>4</issue><elocation-id>70–83</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ксендзук А.В., Фатеев В.Ф., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ксендзук А.В., Фатеев В.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ksendzuk A.V., Fateev V.F.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rtj-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/964">https://www.rtj-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/964</self-uri><abstract><p>Цели. Создание радиолокационных систем дистанционного зондирования, основанных на приеме отраженных от поверхности Земли сигналов навигационных спутниковых систем, позволяет развернуть группировку наноспутников радиолокационного обзора земной поверхности. Целью работы является развитие принципов построения бортовых бистатических систем дистанционного зондирования на сверхмалых космических аппаратах, оценка энергетического потенциала и возможностей его увеличения.Методы. Оптимальный метод обработки в бортовых бистатических радиолокационных системах (ББРЛС) является развитием известных аналитических методов оптимальной обработки в моностатических системах. Расчет энергетического потенциала основывается на исходных данных, полученных в ходе экспериментальных исследований других авторов.Результаты. Использование сигналов навигационных спутниковых систем для зондирования поверхности является перспективным, развивающимся направлением. США и Китаем развернуты спутниковые группировки, осуществляющие дистанционное зондирование по отраженным сигналам навигационных спутников. Разработан алгоритм оптимальной обработки в таких системах, реализующий принцип синтезирования апертуры, рассчитан энергетический потенциал бистатической радиолокационной системы с синтезированием апертуры антенны. Для реализации обработки предложена схема с использованием стандартного навигационного приемника, который используется для формирования опорных сигналов.Выводы. Применение методов оптимальной обработки в ББРЛС позволяет синтезировать радиолокационное изображение по сигналам космических навигационных аппаратов. Для повышения точности оценок необходимо увеличить отношение сигнал/шум за счет сочетания когерентного накопления (синтез апертуры) и некогерентного накопления (комплексирование измерений по разным космическим аппаратам). Предложенные в работе методы обработки сигналов и структура приемника на борту сверхмалого космического аппарата позволяют реализовать синтезирование апертуры при реализуемых требованиях к аппаратной части. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objectives. The development of radar remote sensing systems based on the reception of signals of navigation satellite systems reflected from the surface enables a constellation of nanosatellites to be deployed, in order to perform radar surveying of the Earth’s surface. The aim of this work is to develop the principles of construction of onboard bistatic remote sensing systems on nanosatellites, in order to assess the energy potential and possibilities for its increase.Methods. The optimal processing method in onboard bistatic radar systems is a development of known analytical methods of optimal processing in monostatic systems. The calculation of the energy potential is based on the experimental data obtained by other authors.Results. The utilization of signals from navigation satellite systems for surface sensing is a promising and developing area. The USA and China have deployed satellite constellations to perform remote sensing using reflected signals of navigation satellites. An algorithm for optimal processing in such systems, which realizes the principle of aperture synthesis, was developed, and the energy potential of bistatic synthetic aperture radar was calculated. In order to achieve this processing, the proposed scheme uses a standard navigation receiver to form reference signals.Conclusions. The application of optimal processing methods in bistatic radar enables a synthetic aperture based on scattered satellite navigation system signals. In order to improve the accuracy of estimates, the signal-to-noise ratio needs to be increased by combining coherent accumulation (aperture synthesis) and incoherent accumulation (aggregating measurements from different spacecraft). The signal processing methods and receiver structure proposed in this work onboard nanosatellites allow aperture synthesis to be achieved with realizable hardware requirements.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бистатическая радиолокационная система</kwd><kwd>синтез апертуры</kwd><kwd>навигационный спутник</kwd><kwd>оптимальная обработка</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bistatic radar</kwd><kwd>synthetic aperture</kwd><kwd>navigation satellite</kwd><kwd>optimal processing</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РНФ в рамках научного проекта № 23-67-10007.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The study was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 23-67-10007.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krieger G., Moreira A., Fiedler H., et al. 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