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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mireabulletin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Russian Technological Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Technological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-3210</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-316X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RTU MIREA</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32362/2500-316X-2024-12-1-101-110</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mireabulletin-829</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATHEMATICAL MODELING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение беггинга в прогнозировании временных рядов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Implementation of bagging in time series forecasting</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2908-7611</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грамович</surname><given-names>Я. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gramovich</surname><given-names>Ia. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Грамович Ян Вадимович – студент.</p><p>119454, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ian V. Gramovich - Student, Institute of Artificial Intelligence.</p><p>78, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119454</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0673-5393</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мусатов</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Musatov</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мусатов Данила Юрьевич – студент. Scopus Author ID 57469172700.</p><p>119454, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Danila Yu. Musatov - Student, Institute of Artificial Intelligence. Scopus Author ID 57469172700.</p><p>78, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119454</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5325-6198</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрусевич</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrusevich</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петрусевич Денис Андреевич - к.ф.-м.н., доцент, кафедра высшей математики Института искусственного интеллекта. Scopus Author ID 55900513600, ResearcherID AAA-6661-2020.</p><p>119454, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis A. Petrusevich - Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Associate Professor, Higher Mathematics Department, Institute of Artificial Intelligence. Scopus Author ID 55900513600, ResearcherID AAA-6661-2020.</p><p>78, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">petrdenis@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МИРЭА – Российский технологический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MIREA – Russian Technological University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>101</fpage><lpage>110</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Грамович Я.В., Мусатов Д.Ю., Петрусевич Д.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Грамович Я.В., Мусатов Д.Ю., Петрусевич Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gramovich I.V., Musatov D.Y., Petrusevich D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rtj-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/829">https://www.rtj-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/829</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цели</title><p>Цели. Цель работы состоит в построении различных моделей беггинга, сопоставлении точности их прогнозов на тестовый период со стандартными моделями и получении выводов о возможности дальнейшего использования техники беггинга при моделировании временных рядов.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Исследуется применение беггинга к случайной составляющей временного ряда, формируемой после удаления тренда и сезонной части. Строится серия псевдовыборок, совмещающихся в новую случайную составляющую. На основе полученной компоненты строится новая модель ряда. По мнению многих авторов такой подход позволяет повысить точность модели временного ряда, лучшим образом оценив распределение.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В теоретической части приведены характеристики различных моделей беггинга. Разница между ними сводится к оценке смещения, получаемой из-за того, что измерения, которые составляют псевдовыборки, не являются случайными. Представлен вычислительный эксперимент, в котором модели временных рядов строятся по индексу денежных доходов населения макроэкономической статистики Российской Федерации и по курсу акций Сбербанка. Прогнозы на тестовый период, полученные стандартными, нейросетевыми моделями и моделями на основе беггинга для некоторых временных рядов, сравниваются в вычислительном эксперименте. В самой простой реализации беггинг показал результаты, сравнимые со стандартными моделями ARIMA и ETS и несколько уступающие нейросетевым моделям для сезонных рядов; для несезонных рядов лучшие результаты дали стандартные модели ARIMA и ETS, модели беггинга дали близкие результаты. Обе группы моделей существенно превзошли результат нейросетевых моделей.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. При использовании беггинга лучшие результаты получены при моделировании сезонных временных рядов. Качество прогнозов моделей беггинга несколько уступает качеству прогнозов нейросетевых моделей, но оказывается на том же уровне, что у стандартных моделей ARIMA и ETS. Модели на основе беггинга следует использовать для моделирования временных рядов, различные функции над значениями ряда при построении псевдовыборок должны быть исследованы в дальнейшей работе.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Objectives. The purpose of the article is to build different models of bagging, to compare the accuracy of their forecasts for the test period against standard models, and to draw conclusions about the possibility of further use of the bagging technique in time series modeling.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. This study examines the application of bagging to the random component of a time series formed after removing the trend and seasonal part. A bootstrapped series combining into a new random component is constructed. Based on the component thus obtained, a new model of the series is built. According to many authors, this approach allows the accuracy of the time series model to be improved by better estimating the distribution.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The theoretical part summarizes the characteristics of the different bagging models. The difference between them comes down to the bias estimate obtained, since the measurements making up the bootstraps are not random. We present a computational experiment in which time series models are constructed using the index of monetary income of the population, the macroeconomic statistics of the Russian Federation, and the stock price of Sberbank. Forecasts for the test period obtained by standard, neural network and bagging-based models for some time series are compared in the computational experiment. In the simplest implementation, bagging showed results comparable to ARIMA and ETS standard models, while and slightly inferior to neural network models for seasonal series. In the case of non-seasonal series, the ARIMA and ETS standard models gave the best results, while bagging models gave close results. Both groups of models significantly surpassed the result of neural network models.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. When using bagging, the best results are obtained when modeling seasonal time series. The quality of forecasts of seigniorage models is somewhat inferior to the quality of forecasts of neural network models, but is at the same level as that of standard ARIMA and ETS models. Bagging-based models should be used for time series modeling. Different functions over the values of the series when constructing bootstraps should be studied in future work.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>динамические ряды</kwd><kwd>макроэкономическая статистика</kwd><kwd>ARIMA</kwd><kwd>псевдовыборка неперекрывающихся блоков</kwd><kwd>псевдовыборка перекрывающихся блоков</kwd><kwd>стационарный беггинг</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dynamic series</kwd><kwd>macroeconomic statistics</kwd><kwd>ARIMA</kwd><kwd>nonoverlapping block bootstrap (NBB)</kwd><kwd>moving block bootstrap (MBB)</kwd><kwd>stationary bagging (SB)</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hyndman R.J., Athanasopoulos G. Forecasting: Principles and Practice. 2nd ed. Publisher OTexts; 2018. 382 p. ISBN 978-0-9875-0711-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hyndman R.J., Athanasopoulos G. 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