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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mireabulletin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Russian Technological Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Technological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-3210</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-316X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RTU MIREA</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32362/2500-316X-2023-11-3-56-69</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mireabulletin-696</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATHEMATICAL MODELING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Статистическая модель оценки надежности систем неразрушающего контроля на основе решения обратных задач</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Statistical model for assessing the reliability of non-destructive testing systems by solving inverse problems</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6104-6227</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Александров</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alexandrov</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александров Александр Евгеньевич – доктор технических наук профессор, кафедра «Аппаратное, программное и математическое обеспечение вычислительных систем» Института кибербезопасности и цифровых технологий.</p><p>107996, Москва, ул. Стромынка, д. 20</p><p>Scopus Author ID 57364491800</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander E. Alexandrov - Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, Department of Hardware Software and Mathematical Support of Computing System, Institute for Cybersecurity and Digital Technologies, MIREA - Russian Technological University.</p><p>20, Stromynka ul., Moscow, 107996</p><p>Scopus Author ID 57364491800</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">femsystem@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6043-9547</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисов</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisov</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Борисов Сергей Петрович - старший преподаватель, кафедра «Аппаратное, программное и математическое обеспечение вычислительных систем» Института кибербезопасности и цифровых технологий.</p><p>107996, Москва, ул. Стромынка, д. 20</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey P. Borisov - Senior Lecturer, Department of Hardware Software and Mathematical Support of Computing System, Institute for Cybersecurity and Digital Technologies, MIREA - Russian Technological University.</p><p>20, Stromynka ul., Moscow, 107996</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bsp345@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3392-6569</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бунина</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bunina</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бунина Людмила Владимировна - старший преподаватель, кафедра «Аппаратное, программное и математическое обеспечение вычислительных систем» Института кибербезопасности и цифровых технологий.</p><p>107996, Москва, ул. Стромынка, д. 20</p><p>Scopus Author ID 57218190491</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ludmila V. Bunina - Senior Lecturer, Department of Hardware Software and Mathematical Support of Computing System, Institute for Cybersecurity and Digital Technologies, MIREA - Russian Technological University.</p><p>20, Stromynka ul., Moscow, 107996</p><p>Scopus Author ID 57218190491</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ludmilabunina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3645-3808</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быковский</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bikovsky</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Быковский Сергей Сергеевич - старший преподаватель, кафедра «Аппаратное, программное и математическое обеспечение вычислительных систем» Института кибербезопасности и цифровых технологий.</p><p>107996, Москва, ул. Стромынка, д. 20</p><p>Scopus Author ID 57363858400</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey S. Bikovsky - Senior Lecturer, Department of Hardware Software and Mathematical Support of Computing System, Institute for Cybersecurity and Digital Technologies, MIREA - Russian Technological University.</p><p>20, Stromynka ul., Moscow, 107996</p><p>Scopus Author ID 57363858400</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bykovskij@mirea.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0944-3989</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Степанова Ирина Владимировна – кандидат геолого-минералогических наук, доцент, кафедра «Аппаратное, программное и математическое обеспечение вычислительных систем» Института кибербезопасности и цифровых технологий.</p><p>107996, Москва, ул. Стромынка, д. 20</p><p>Scopus Author ID 57213161230</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Stepanova - Cand. Sci. (Geol.-Mineral.), Associate Professor, Department of Hardware Software and Mathematical Support of Computing System, Institute for Cybersecurity and Digital Technologies, MIREA - Russian Technological University.</p><p>20, Stromynka ul., Moscow, 107996</p><p>Scopus Author ID 57213161230</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivs_rrr@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8823-2524</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Титов</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Titov</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Титов Андрей Петрович – кандидат технических наук, доцент, кафедра «Аппаратное, программное и математическое обеспечение вычислительных систем» Института кибербезопасности и цифровых технологий.</p><p>107996, Москва, ул. Стромынка, д. 20</p><p>Scopus Author ID 57363858500</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey P. Titov - Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Associate Professor, Department of Hardware Software and Mathematical Support of Computing System, Institute for Cybersecurity and Digital Technologies, MIREA - Russian Technological University.</p><p>20, Stromynka ul., Moscow, 107996</p><p>Scopus Author ID 57363858500</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">titov_and@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «МИРЭА - Российский технологический университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MIREA - Russian Technological University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>56</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Александров А.Е., Борисов С.П., Бунина Л.В., Быковский С.С., Степанова И.В., Титов А.П., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Александров А.Е., Борисов С.П., Бунина Л.В., Быковский С.С., Степанова И.В., Титов А.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alexandrov A.E., Borisov S.P., Bunina L.V., Bikovsky S.S., Stepanova I.V., Titov A.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rtj-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/696">https://www.rtj-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/696</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цели</title><p>Цели. Контроль износа конструктивных элементов энергоустановок, в частности трубопроводов атомных электростанций, является неотъемлемым компонентом обеспечения безопасности при их эксплуатации. Контроль путем непосредственного обследования состояния трубопровода требует, во-первых, достаточно больших трудозатрат, во-вторых, в некоторых случаях, временной остановки работы. Поэтому при проведении контрольных мероприятий предлагается использовать математическое моделирование. Цель статьи - разработка математической модели системы диагностики для оценки вероятности обнаружения дефектов на основе решения обратных задач.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Анализируются биномиальная модель оценки надежности контроля, параметрическая модель Беренса и Хови вероятности обнаружения дефектов, параметрическая модель на основе исследования тест-образцов. В качестве альтернативы данным моделям предлагается расчетный метод оценки надежности систем неразрушающего контроля на основе решения обратной задачи. Для определения параметров кривой вероятности обнаружения дефектов модель использует данные, полученные различными контролирующими бригадами за длительный период эксплуатации энергоустановки. В качестве исходных данных можно использовать плотности распределения дефектов по одной или нескольким из следующих характеристик: глубине, длине, площади сечения дефекта. С помощью предлагаемой математической модели выполнен набор тестовых расчетов на основе девяти комбинаций исходных данных. Комбинации отличаются между собой коэффициентом достоверности исходной системы контроля, параметром распределения дефектов, чувствительностью системы контроля.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. По итогам проведенных расчетов построены кривые плотности вероятности обнаруженных дефектов в зависимости от размера дефекта, определены восстановленные значения параметров распределения дефектов при различных условиях испытаний, сделана оценка погрешности восстановления параметров. Для оценки степени несовершенства системы используется кривая вероятности обнаружения дефекта конкретной системой контроля.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. С учетом ограничений, связанных с размером выборки, предлагаемая методика, во-первых, позволяет применять результаты, полученные по контролю металла, с большей уверенностью, чем методики, используемые в настоящее время, во-вторых, оценивать эффективность контроля, проводимого отдельными бригадами испытателей либо лабораториями. В перспективе это позволит рекомендовать или не рекомендовать привлечение той или иной бригады к выполнению диагностических работ.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Objectives. The wear monitoring of metal structural elements of power plants—in particular, pipelines of nuclear power plants—is an essential means of ensuring safety during their operation. Monitoring the state of the pipeline by direct inspection requires a considerable amount of labor, as well as, in some cases, the suspension of power plant operation. In order to reduce costs during monitoring measures, it is proposed to use mathematical modeling. This work aimes to develop a mathematical model of a diagnostic system for assessing the probability of detection of defects by solving inverse problems.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. A binomial model for assessing the reliability of monitoring, comprising the Berens-Hovey parametric model of the probability of detection of defects and a parametric model based on studying test samples, was analyzed. As an alternative to this binomial model, a computational method for assessing the reliability of non-destructive testing systems by solving an inverse problem was proposed. To determine the parameters of the defect detection probability curve, the model uses data obtained by various monitoring teams over a long period of power plant operation. To serve as initial data, the defect distribution density over one or more of the following characteristics can be used: depth, length, and/or cross-sectional area of the defect. Using the proposed mathematical model, a series of test calculations was performed based on nine combinations of initial data. The combinations differed in the confidence coefficient of the initial monitoring system, the parameters of the distribution of defects, and the sensitivity of the monitoring system.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The calculation data were used to construct curves of the probability density of detected defects as a function of the defect size, recover the values of the defect distribution parameters under various test conditions, and estimate the error of recovering the parameters. The degree of imperfection of the system was estimated using the curve of the detection probability of a defect by a certain monitoring system.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Under constraints on the data sample size, the proposed methodology allows the metal monitoring results to be applied with greater confidence than currently used methods at the same time as evaluating the efficiency of monitoring carried out by individual test teams or laboratories. In future, this can be used to form the basis of a recommendation of the involvement of a particular team to perform diagnostic work.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>неразрушающий контроль</kwd><kwd>надежность энергетических установок</kwd><kwd>математическое моделирование</kwd><kwd>статистический анализ</kwd><kwd>обратные задачи</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>non-destructive testing</kwd><kwd>reliability of power plants</kwd><kwd>mathematical modeling</kwd><kwd>statistical analysis</kwd><kwd>inverse problems</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berens A.P. Probability of Detection (PoD) Analysis for the Advanced Retirement for Cause (RFC). Engine Structural Integrity Program (ENSIP) Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) System Development. V. 1. PoD Analysis. Technical Report. 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