<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mireabulletin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Russian Technological Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Technological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-3210</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-316X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RTU MIREA</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32362/2500-316X-2022-10-6-20-27</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mireabulletin-579</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ. ИНФОРМАТИКА. ПРОБЛЕМЫ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFORMATION SYSTEMS. COMPUTER SCIENCES. ISSUES OF INFORMATION SECURITY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Модель GP SVM для беспроводной системы обнаружения вторжений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genetic programming support vector machine model for a wireless intrusion detection system</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5024-6194</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дхут</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dhoot</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дхут Аншита - аспирант</p><p>141701, Московская область, г. Долгопрудный, Институтский переулок, д. 9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anshita Dhoot - Postgraduate Student</p><p>9, Institutskii per., Moscow oblast, Dolgoprudny, 141701</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anshita.dhoot.23@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0497-0296</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Назаров</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nazarov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Назаров Алексей Николаевич - д.т.н., профессор кафедры корпоративных информационных систем Института информационных технологий</p><p>119454, Россия, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 78</p><p>ResearcherID G-3154-2013, Scopus Author ID 7201780424, SPIN-код РИНЦ 6032-5302</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey N. Nazarov -  Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, Department of Corporate Information Systems, Institute of Information Technologies</p><p>78, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119454</p><p>ResearcherID G-3154-2013, Scopus Author ID 7201780424, RSCI SPIN-code 6032-5302</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.nazarov06@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1552-5083</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронков</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronkov</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Воронков Илья Михайлович - приглашенный преподаватель, заместитель начальника, Центр нейросетевых технологий, Международный центр по информатике и электронике</p><p>109028, Россия, Москва, Покровский бульвар, д. 11</p><p>123557, Россия, Москва, ул. Пресненский Вал, д. 19</p><p>ResearcherID L-6207-2016, Scopus Author ID 24802429000, SPIN-код РИНЦ 3869-9670</p><p> </p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilia M. Voronkov - Visiting Lecturer, Deputy Head, Center for Neural Network Technologies, International Center for Informatics and Electronics</p><p>11, Pokrovskii bul., Moscow, 109028</p><p>19, Presnenskii val, Moscow, 123557</p><p>ResearcherID L-6207-2016, Scopus Author ID 24802429000,RSCI SPIN-code 3869-9670</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivoronkov@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский физико-технический институт (национальный исследовательский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МИРЭА – Российский технологический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MIREA – Russian Technological University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>HSE University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>27</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дхут А., Назаров А.Н., Воронков И.М., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дхут А., Назаров А.Н., Воронков И.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dhoot A., Nazarov A.N., Voronkov I.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rtj-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/579">https://www.rtj-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/579</self-uri><abstract><p>Цели. Стремительное проникновение технологий беспроводной связи и устройств Интернета вещей (IoT) в деятельность человека и их повсеместное использование потребителями информации является значимым историческим явлением. Этот процесс сопровождается растущей интенсивностью негативных информационных атак, прежде всего, широким распространением бот-атак через IoT, объем которых наряду с сетевыми атаками достигает критического уровня, и снизить его самостоятельно потребителям контента не представляется возможным. В таких обстоятельствах возрастает потребность в синтезе технологически новой, основанной на новейших достижениях искусственного интеллекта, системы обнаружения вторжений. Важнейшим требованием к системе является ее эффективность при работе на полученных разными способами несбалансированных наборах данных атак, использующих разные технологические приемы вторжения. Синтез такой системы обнаружения вторжений является сложной задачей из-за отсутствия универсальных методов обнаружения технологически разных атак, а последовательное применение известных методов является недопустимо долгим. Ликвидация этого научного пробела и является целью настоящей статьи.Методы. Используя достижения искусственного интеллекта в борьбе с атаками, авторы предложили способ, основанный на комбинации модели машины опорных векторов генетического программирования (GPSVM) с применением несбалансированного набора данных CICIDS2017. Результаты. Предложена архитектура системы технологического обнаружения вторжений с возможностью целевого обучения набора данных в интересах обнаружения атак на CICIDS2017 и извлечения объектов обнаружения. Архитектурой предусмотрено разделение набора данных на проверяемые и непроверяемые объекты, которые по результатам обратной связи будут добавлены в обучающий набор. Для того чтобы обеспечить лучшую точность результата, происходит обучение модели и совершенствование обучающего набора GPSVM. Показана работоспособность новой блок-схемы модели GPSVM относительно того, как набор данных вводится в качестве входных данных и выдает выходные данные после обработки с помощью обучающего набора модели GPSVM. Численный анализ результатов модельных экспериментов по выбранным показателям качества показал увеличение точности результатов по сравнению с известным методом SVM. Выводы. Компьютерные эксперименты подтвердили методическую правильность выбора комбинации модели GPSVM с применением несбалансированного набора данных CICIDS2017 для повышения эффективности обнаружения вторжений. Предложена процедура формирования обучающего набора данных, основанная на обратной связи. Показано, что применение такой процедуры вместе с разделением наборов данных создает условия для совершенствования обучения модели. Комбинация модели GPSVM с несбалансированным набором данных CICIDS2017 для сбора выборки повышает точность обнаружения вторжений и обеспечивает наилучшую производительность обнаружения вторжений по сравнению с методом SVM.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objectives. The rapid penetration of wireless communication technologies into the activities of both humans and Internet of Things (IoT) devices along with their widespread use by information consumers represents an epochal phenomenon. However, this is accompanied by the growing intensity of successful information attacks, involving the use of bot attacks via IoT, which, along with network attacks, has reached a critical level. Under such circumstances, there is an increasing need for new technological approaches to developing intrusion detection systems based on the latest achievements of artificial intelligence. The most important requirement for such a system consists in its operation on various unbalanced sets of attack data, which use different intrusion techniques. The synthesis of such an intrusion detection system is a difficult task due to the lack of universal methods for detecting technologically different attacks; moreover, the consistent application of known methods is unacceptably long. The aim of the present work is to eliminate such a scientific gap.Methods. Using the achievements of artificial intelligence in the fight against attacks, the authors proposed a method based on a combination of the genetic programming support vector machine (GPSVM) model using an unbalanced CICIDS2017 dataset.Results. The presented technological intrusion detection system architecture offers the possibility to train a dataset for detecting attacks on CICIDS2017 and extracting detection objects. The architecture provides for the separation of the dataset into verifiable and not verifiable elements, with the latter being added to the training set by feedback. By training the model and improving GPSVM training set, better accuracy is ensured. The operability of the new flowchart of the GPSVM model is demonstrated in terms of the entry of input data and output of data after processing using the training set of the GPSVM model. Numerical analysis based on the results of model experiments on selected quality indicators showed an increase in the accuracy of the results as compared to the known SVM method.Conclusions. Computer experiments have confirmed the methodological correctness of choosing a combination of the GPSVM model using an unbalanced CICIDS2017 dataset to increase the effectiveness of intrusion detection. A procedure for forming a training dataset based on feedback is proposed. The procedure involving the separation of datasets is shown to create conditions for improving the training of the model. The combination of the GPSVM model with an unbalanced CICIDS2017 dataset to collect a sample increases theaccuracy of intrusion detection to provide improved intrusion detection performance as compared to the SVM method.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кибербезопасность</kwd><kwd>обнаружение кибератак</kwd><kwd>обнаружение редких категорий</kwd><kwd>набор данных IDS</kwd><kwd>GPSVM</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cyber security</kwd><kwd>cyber intrusion detection</kwd><kwd>rare category detection</kwd><kwd>IDS dataset</kwd><kwd>GPSVM</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koch R., Golling M., Rodosek G.D. Towards comparability of intrusion detection systems: New data sets. In: TERENA Networking Conference (TNC). 2014. V. 7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koch R., Golling M., Rodosek G.D. Towards comparability of intrusion detection systems: New data sets. In: TERENA Networking Conference (TNC). 2014. V. 7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nehinbe J.O. A critical evaluation of datasets for investigating IDSs and IPSs researches. In: 2011 IEEE 10th International Conference on Cybernetic Intelligent Systems (CIS). IEEE; 2011. P. 92–97. https://doi.org/10.1109/CIS.2011.6169141</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nehinbe J.O. A critical evaluation of datasets for investigating IDSs and IPSs researches. In: 2011 IEEE 10th International Conference on Cybernetic Intelligent Systems (CIS). IEEE; 2011. P. 92–97. https://doi.org/10.1109/CIS.2011.6169141</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shiravi A., Shiravi H., Tavallaee M., Ghorban A.A. Toward developing a systematic approach to generate benchmark datasets for intrusion detection. Computers &amp; Security. 2012;31(3):357–374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2011.12.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shiravi A., Shiravi H., Tavallaee M., Ghorban A.A. Toward developing a systematic approach to generate benchmark datasets for intrusion detection. Computers &amp; Security. 2012;31(3):357–374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2011.12.012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ghorbani A.A., Lu W., Tavallaee M. Detection approaches. In: Network Intrusion Detection and Prevention. Boston, MA: Springer; 2010. P. 27–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-88771-5_2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ghorbani A.A., Lu W., Tavallaee M. Detection approaches. In: Network Intrusion Detection and Prevention. Boston, MA: Springer; 2010. P. 27–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-88771-5_2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scott P.D., Wilkins E. Evaluating data mining procedures: techniques for generating artificial data sets. Inf. Softw. Technol. 1999;41(9):579–587. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-5849(99)00021-X</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scott P.D., Wilkins E. Evaluating data mining procedures: techniques for generating artificial data sets. Inf. Softw. Technol. 1999;41(9):579–587. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-5849(99)00021-X</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heidemann J., Papdopoulos C. Uses and challenges for network datasets. In: 2009 Cybersecurity Applications &amp; Technology Conference for Homeland Security. IEEE; 2009. P. 73–82. https://doi.org/10.1109/CATCH.2009.29</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heidemann J., Papdopoulos C. Uses and challenges for network datasets. In: 2009 Cybersecurity Applications &amp; Technology Conference for Homeland Security. IEEE; 2009. P. 73–82. https://doi.org/10.1109/CATCH.2009.29</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gharib A., Sharafaldin I., Lashkari A.H., Ghorbani A.A. An evaluation framework for intrusion detection dataset. In: 2016 International Conference on Information Science and Security (ICISS). IEEE; 2016. P. 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICISSEC.2016.7885840</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gharib A., Sharafaldin I., Lashkari A.H., Ghorbani A.A. An evaluation framework for intrusion detection dataset. In: 2016 International Conference on Information Science and Security (ICISS). IEEE; 2016. P. 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICISSEC.2016.7885840</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharafaldin I., Gharib A., Lashkari A.H., Ghorbani A.A. Towards a reliable intrusion detection benchmark dataset. Software Networking. 2018;2017(1):177–200. https://doi.org/10.13052/jsn2445-9739.2017.009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharafaldin I., Gharib A., Lashkari A.H., Ghorbani A.A. Towards a reliable intrusion detection benchmark dataset. Software Networking. 2018;2017(1):177–200. https://doi.org/10.13052/jsn2445-9739.2017.009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ho Y.B., Yap W.S., Khor K.C. The effect of sampling methods on the CICIDS2017 network intrusion data set. In: Kim H., Kim K.J. (Eds.). IT Convergence and Security. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Singapore: Springer; 2021. V. 782. P. 33–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4118-3_4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ho Y.B., Yap W.S., Khor K.C. The effect of sampling methods on the CICIDS2017 network intrusion data set. In: Kim H., Kim K.J. (Eds.). IT Convergence and Security. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Singapore: Springer; 2021. V. 782. P. 33–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4118-3_4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharafaldin I., Lashkari A.H., Ghorbani A.A. Toward generating a new intrusion detection dataset and intrusion traffic characterization. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Information Systems Security and Privacy (ICISSP). 2018. P. 108–116. https://doi.org/10.5220/0006639801080116</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharafaldin I., Lashkari A.H., Ghorbani A.A. Toward generating a new intrusion detection dataset and intrusion traffic characterization. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Information Systems Security and Privacy (ICISSP). 2018. P. 108–116. https://doi.org/10.5220/0006639801080116</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bashir T., Agbata B.C., Ogala E., Obeng-Denteh W. The fuzzy experiment approach for detection and prevention of masquerading attacks in online domain. East African Sch. J. Eng. Comput. Sci. 2020;3(10):205–215. https://doi.org/10.36349/easjecs.2020.v03i10.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bashir T., Agbata B.C., Ogala E., Obeng-Denteh W. The fuzzy experiment approach for detection and prevention of masquerading attacks in online domain. East African Sch. J. Eng. Comput. Sci. 2020;3(10):205–215. https://doi.org/10.36349/easjecs.2020.v03i10.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fang Y., Zhang C., Huang C., Liu L., Yang Y. Phishing email detection using improved RCNN model with multilevel vectors and attention mechanism. IEEE Access. 2019;7:56329–56340. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2913705</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fang Y., Zhang C., Huang C., Liu L., Yang Y. Phishing email detection using improved RCNN model with multilevel vectors and attention mechanism. IEEE Access. 2019;7:56329–56340. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2913705</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu E., Ju Y., Chen Z., Liu F., Fang X. DTOF-ANN: An artificial neural network masquerading detection model based on decision tree and optimal features. Appl. Soft Comput. 2020;95:106505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2020.106505</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhu E., Ju Y., Chen Z., Liu F., Fang X. DTOF-ANN: An artificial neural network masquerading detection model based on decision tree and optimal features. Appl. Soft Comput. 2020;95:106505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2020.106505</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lashkari A.H., Draper-Gil G., Mamun M.S.I., Ghorbani A.A. Characterization of tor traffic using timebased features. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Information Systems Security and Privacy (ICISSP). 2017, February. P. 253–262. https://doi.org/10.5220/0006105602530262</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lashkari A.H., Draper-Gil G., Mamun M.S.I., Ghorbani A.A. Characterization of tor traffic using timebased features. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Information Systems Security and Privacy (ICISSP). 2017, February. P. 253–262. https://doi.org/10.5220/0006105602530262</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nazarov A.N., Sychev A.K., Voronkov I.M. The role of datasets when building next generation intrusion detection systems. In: 2019 Wave Electronics and its Application in Information and Telecommunication Systems (WECONF). IEEE; 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/WECONF.2019.8840124</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nazarov A.N., Sychev A.K., Voronkov I.M. The role of datasets when building next generation intrusion detection systems. In: 2019 Wave Electronics and its Application in Information and Telecommunication Systems (WECONF). IEEE; 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/WECONF.2019.8840124</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pantiukhin D., Nazarov A., Voronkov I.M. Intelligent methods for intrusion detection in local area networks. In: Pozin B., Cavalli A.R., Petrenko A. (Eds.). Actual Problems of System and Software Engineering. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference (APSSE 2019). Moscow; 2019. P. 138–149. URL: http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2514/paper84.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pantiukhin D., Nazarov A., Voronkov I.M. Intelligent methods for intrusion detection in local area networks. In: Pozin B., Cavalli A.R., Petrenko A. (Eds.). Actual Problems of System and Software Engineering. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference (APSSE 2019). Moscow; 2019. P. 138–149. URL: http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2514/paper84.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dhoot A., Zong B., Saeed M.S., Singh K. Security analysis of private intellectual property. In: 2021 International Conference on Engineering Management of Communication and Technology (EMCTECH). IEEE; 2021. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMCTECH53459.2021.9619179</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dhoot A., Zong B., Saeed M.S., Singh K. Security analysis of private intellectual property. In: 2021 International Conference on Engineering Management of Communication and Technology (EMCTECH). IEEE; 2021. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMCTECH53459.2021.9619179</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
