<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mireabulletin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Russian Technological Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Technological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-3210</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-316X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RTU MIREA</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32362/2500-316X-2022-10-5-100-110</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mireabulletin-571</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АНАЛИТИЧЕСКОЕ ПРИБОРОСТРОЕНИЕ И ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENT ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Измерение капиллярных волн лазерным волнографом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Measurement of capillary waves with a laser wave recorder</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1832-8608</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стерлядкин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sterlyadkin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стерлядкин Виктор Вячеславович – доктор физико-математических наук, профессор, кафедра физики Института перспективных технологий и индустриального программирования.</p><p>119454, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 78.</p><p>Scopus Author ID 6505940691, ResearcherID D-7125-2017</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor V. Sterlyadkin - Dr. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Professor, Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Technologies and Industrial Programming, MIREA - Russian Technological University.</p><p>78, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119454.</p><p>Scopus Author ID 6505940691, ResearcherID D-7125-2017</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sterlyadkin@mirea.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9296-6424</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куликовский</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulikovsky</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куликовский Константин Владимирович - старший преподаватель, кафедра физики Института перспективных технологий и индустриального программирования.</p><p>119454, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 78.</p><p>Scopus Author ID 57223241696</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin V. Kulikovsky - Senior Lecturer, Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Technologies and Industrial Programming, MIREA - Russian Technological University.</p><p>78, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119454.</p><p>Scopus Author ID 57223241696</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">constantinkk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МИРЭА - Российский технологический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MIREA - Russian Technological University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>100</fpage><lpage>110</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Стерлядкин В.В., Куликовский К.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Стерлядкин В.В., Куликовский К.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sterlyadkin V.V., Kulikovsky K.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rtj-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/571">https://www.rtj-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/571</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цели</title><p>Цели. Капиллярные волны на морской поверхности играют важную роль в задачах дистанционного зондирования как в оптическом, так и в микроволновом диапазонах длин волн. Однако исследовать процессы рассеяния электромагнитного излучения на взволнованной морской поверхности можно только при надежном контроле параметров этих капиллярных волн в натурных условиях. До настоящего времени не существовало методов измерения капиллярных волн в натурных условиях. Целью настоящей работы являлось создание таких методов и их проверка в лабораторных и натурных условиях.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. В лаборатории были отработаны новые лазерные методы регистрации капиллярных волн на частотах до 1ОО Гц. Предложенные методы являются дистанционными, не искажающими поверхность. Они основаны на регистрации рассеянного лазерного излучения с помощью видеокамеры.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В лабораторных условиях получены пространственные профили, временные зависимости высот для всех точек траектории лазерной развертки, частотные спектры мощности. Показано, что уклоны в капиллярных волнах могут достигать 30°, а амплитуда капиллярных волн на частотах выше 25 Гц не превышает 0.5 мм. В натурных условиях на морской платформе апробирована новая версия сканирующего лазерного волнографа. Измерения подтвердили возможность измерения параметров морского волнения на пространственных масштабах, охватывающих 3 порядка: от единиц миллиметров до единиц метров.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Созданный волнограф позволяет проводить прямые измерения «мгновенных» профилей морской поверхности с временной синхронизацией в 10-4 с и пространственной точностью лучше 0.5 мм. Метод позволяет получать большие ряды (21 000) «мгновенных» профилей волнения с частотой обновления 60 Гц, что открывает возможности для исследования физики эволюции волнения, влияния параметров волнения на рассеяние электромагнитных волн. Достоинством метода является прямой характер измерения аппликат и всех характеристик волнения не только во времени, но и в пространстве. Метод полностью дистанционен, не искажает свойства поверхности, не подвержен влиянию ветра, волн и морского течения. Экспериментально в натурных условиях доказана возможность применения предложенного метода в любое время суток и в широком диапазоне погодных условий.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Objectives. Capillary waves on the sea surface play an important role in remote sensing, both in the optical and microwave wavelength ranges. However, processes of electromagnetic radiation scattering on a rough sea surface cannot be studied in the absence of reliable monitoring of the parameters of these capillary waves under natural conditions. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to develop methods for such monitoring purposes and test them under laboratory and field conditions.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. Novel laser-based methods for recording capillary waves at frequencies up to 100 Hz were developed in the laboratory. The proposed remote methods, which do not interfere with the sea surface, are based on the recording of scattered laser radiation using a video camera.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Under laboratory conditions, spatial profiles, time dependences of heights for all points of a laser sweep trajectory, and frequency power spectra were obtained. It is shown that slopes in capillary waves can reach 30° and that the amplitude of capillary waves at frequencies above 25 Hz does not exceed 0.5 mm. A new version of a scanning laser wave recorder was tested under natural conditions on an offshore platform. The measurements confirmed the possibility of measuring the parameters of sea waves on spatial scales covering 3 orders of magnitude: from units of millimeters to units of meters.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The developed wave recorder can be used to carry out direct measurements of “instantaneous” sea surface profiles with a time synchronization precision of 10-4 s and a spatial accuracy of better than 0.5 mm. The method makes it possible to obtain large series (21000) of «instantaneous» wave profiles with a refresh rate of 60 Hz, which opens up opportunities for studying the physics of wave evolution and the influence of wave parameters on the scattering of electromagnetic waves. The advantage of the method is the direct nature of the measurement of applicates and other wave characteristics not only in time but also in space. The entirely remote method does not distort the properties of the surface and is not affected by wind, waves, or sea currents. The possibility of using the proposed method under natural conditions at any time of the day and in a wide range of weather conditions has been experimentally ascertained.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>альтиметрия</kwd><kwd>спектр морского волнения</kwd><kwd>капиллярные волны</kwd><kwd>взаимодействие атмосферы и океана</kwd><kwd>лазерный волнограф</kwd><kwd>дистанционное зондирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>altimetry</kwd><kwd>spectrum of sea waves</kwd><kwd>capillary waves</kwd><kwd>atmosphere-ocean interaction</kwd><kwd>laser wave recorder</kwd><kwd>remote sensing</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holthuijsen L.H. Waves in oceanic and coastal waters. Cambridge University Press; 2010. 404 p. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511618536</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holthuijsen L.H. Waves in oceanic and coastal waters. Cambridge University Press; 2010. 404 p. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511618536</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hashimoto N. Analysis of the directional wave spectrum from field data. In: Advances in Coastal and Ocean Engineering. Liu P.L.-F. (Ed.). Singapore: World Scientific. 1997;3:103-143. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812797568_0004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hashimoto N. Analysis of the directional wave spectrum from field data. In: Advances in Coastal and Ocean Engineering. Liu P.L.-F. (Ed.). Singapore: World Scientific. 1997;3:103-143. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812797568_0004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grare L., Lenain L., Melville W.K. Vertical profiles of the wave-induced airflow above ocean surface waves. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2018;48(12):2901-2922. https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-18-0121.1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grare L., Lenain L., Melville W.K. Vertical profiles of the wave-induced airflow above ocean surface waves. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2018;48(12):2901-2922. https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-18-0121.1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hwang P.A., Wang D.W., Walsh E.J., Krabill W.B., Swift R.N. Airborne measurements of the wave number spectra of ocean surface waves. Part I: Spectral slope and dimensionless spectral coefficient. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2000;30(11):2753-2767. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031&lt;2753:AMOTWS&gt;2.0.CO;2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hwang P.A., Wang D.W., Walsh E.J., Krabill W.B., Swift R.N. Airborne measurements of the wave number spectra of ocean surface waves. Part I: Spectral slope and dimensionless spectral coefficient. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2000;30(11):2753-2767. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031&lt;2753:AMOTWS&gt;2.0.CO;2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allender J., Audunson T., Barstow S.F., Bjerken S., Krogstad H.E., Steinbakke P., Vartdal L., Borgman L.E., Graham C. The WADIC project; a comprehensive field evaluation of directional wave instrumentation. Ocean Eng. 1989;16(5-6):505-536. https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-8018(89)90050-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allender J., Audunson T., Barstow S.F., Bjerken S., Krogstad H.E., Steinbakke P., Vartdal L., Borgman L.E., Graham C. The WADIC project; a comprehensive field evaluation of directional wave instrumentation. Ocean Eng. 1989;16(5-6):505-536. https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-8018(89)90050-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Banner M.L., Jones I.S., Trinder J. Wavenumber spectra of short gravity waves. J. Fluid Mech. 1989;198:321-344. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112089000157</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Banner M.L., Jones I.S., Trinder J. Wavenumber spectra of short gravity waves. J. Fluid Mech. 1989;198:321-344. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112089000157</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Falcon E., Mordant N. Experiments in surface gravity-capillary wave turbulence. Annual Rev. Fluid Mech. 2022;54:1-25. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-021021-102043</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Falcon E., Mordant N. Experiments in surface gravitycapillary wave turbulence. Annual Rev. Fluid Mech. 2022;54:1-25. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-021021-102043</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brazhnikov M.Yu., Levchenko A.A., Mezhov-Deglin L.P. Excitation and detection of nonlinear waves on a charged surface of liquid hydrogen. Instruments and Experimental Techniques. 2002;45(6):758-763. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021418819539</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brazhnikov M.Yu., Levchenko A.A., Mezhov-Deglin L.P. Excitation and detection of nonlinear waves on a charged surface of liquid hydrogen. Instruments and Experimental Techniques. 2002;45(6):758-763. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021418819539</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Захаров В.Е. Слабая турбулентность в средах с распадным спектром. Прикладная механика и техническая физика. 1965;4:35-39. URL: https://www.sibran.ru/upload/iblock/2f5/2f55daccf31e1bdff4c6c44e436b4166.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zakharov V.E. Weak turbulence in media with a decay spectrum. J. Appl. Mech. Tech. Phys. 1965;6(4):22-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01565814 [Original Russian Text: Zakharov V.E. Weak turbulence in media with a decay spectrum. Prikladnaya mekhanika i tekhnicheskaya fizika. 1965;4:35-39 (in Russ.). Available from URL: https://www.sibran.ru/upload/iblock/2f5/2f55daccf31e1bdff4c6c44e436b4166.pdf]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Захаров В. Е., Филоненко Н. Н. Спектр энергии для стохастических колебаний поверхности жидкости. Докл. АН СССР. 1966;170(6):1292-1295. URL: http://www.mathnet.ru/links/ec2b951f99ebc10ab5bb4c2bf4fe5948/dan32646.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zakharov V.E., Filonenko N.N. Energy spectrum for stochastic oscillations of the surface of a liquid. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR. 1966;170(6):1292-1295 (in Russ.). Available from URL: http://www.mathnet.ru/links/ec2b951f99ebc10ab5bb4c2bf4fe5948/dan32646.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Захаров В.Е., Филоненко H.H. Слабая турбулентность капиллярных волн. Прикладная механика и техническая физика. 1967;5:62-67. URL: https://www.sibran.ru/upload/iblock/24e/24ea0a63fb235c70765e3dd7eceadeea.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zakharov V.E., Filonenko N.H. Weak turbulence of capillary waves. J. Appl. Mech. Tech. Phys. 1967;8: 37-40. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00915178 [Original Russian Text: Zakharov V.E., Filonenko N.H. Weak turbulence of capillary waves. Prikladnaya mekhanika i tekhnicheskaya fizika. 1967;5:62-67 (in Russ.). Available from URL: https://www.sibran.ru/upload/iblock/24e/24ea0a63fb235c70765e3dd7eceadeea.pdf]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бадулин С.И., Захаров В.Е. Спектр Филлипса и модель диссипации ветрового волнения. Теоретическая и математическая физика. 2020;202(3):353-363. https://doi.org/10.4213/tmf9801</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Badulin S.I., Zakharov V.E. Phillips spectrum and a model of wind wave dissipation. Theoret. and Math. Phys. 2020;202(3): 309-318. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0040577920030034 [Original Russian Text: Badulin S.I., Zakharov V.E. Phillips spectrum and a model of wind wave dissipation. Teoreticheskaya i matematicheskaya fizika. 2020;202(3): 353-363 (in Russ.). https://doi.org/10.4213/tmf9801]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lukaschuk S., Nazarenko S., McLelland S., Denissenko P. Gravity wave turbulence in wave tanks: Space and time statistics. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2009;103(4):044501. http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.044501</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lukaschuk S., Nazarenko S., McLelland S., Denissenko P. Gravity wave turbulence in wave tanks: Space and time statistics. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2009;103(4):044501. http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.044501</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sterlyadkin V.V., Kulikovskii K.V., Kuzmin A.V., Sharkov E.A., Likhacheva M.V. Scanning laser wave recorder with registration of «instantaneous» sea surface profiles. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 2021;38(8): 1415-1424. https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-21-0036.1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sterlyadkin V.V., Kulikovskii K.V., Kuzmin A.V., Sharkov E.A., Likhacheva M.V. Scanning laser wave recorder with registration of “instantaneous” sea surface profiles. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 2021;38(8):1415-1424. https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-21-0036.1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стерлядкин В.В. Сканирующий лазерный волнограф с регистрацией «мгновенной» формы поверхности: Пат. RU № 2749727. Заявка № RU2020134068A; заявл. 16.102020; опубл.16.06.2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sterlyadkin V.V. Scanning laser recorder recording “instant” shape of surface: RU Pat. 2749727. Publ. 16.06.2021 (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ландау Л.Д., Лифшиц Е.М. Теоретическая физика: Учебное пособие. В 10 т. Т. VI. Гидродинамика. М.: Наука. Гл. ред. физ-мат. лит.; 1986. 736 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Landau L.D., Lifshits E.M. Teoreticheskaya fizika:Uchebnoe posobie. V 10 t. T. VI. Gidrodinamika (Theoretical Physics: Textbook. In 10 v. V. VI. Hydrodynamics. Moscow: Nauka; 1986. 736 p. (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
