<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mireabulletin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Russian Technological Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Technological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-3210</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-316X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RTU MIREA</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32362/2500-316X-2021-9-2-57-65</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mireabulletin-302</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ РАДИОТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ И ТЕЛЕКОММУНИКАЦИОННЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MODERN RADIO ENGINEERING AND TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование диэлектрических  характеристик материалов, изготавливаемых  с применением аддитивных технологий</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Investigation of the dielectric characteristics  of materials manufactured using additive technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Харалгин</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kharalgin</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Харалгин Сергей Владимирович, инженер-электроник 1 категории</p><p>107078,  Москва, ул. Новая Басманная, д. 20, стр. 9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Kharalgin, Electronics Engineer of the 1st category</p><p>20, Novaya Basmannaya ul., Moscow, 107078</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hsvl92@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Войтович</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voytovich</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Войтович Максим Иванович, начальник лаборатории</p><p>107078,  Москва, ул. Новая Басманная, д. 20, стр. 9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksim I. Voytovich, Head of Laboratory</p><p>20, Novaya Basmannaya ul., Moscow, 107078</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maksimvoytovich@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО «ЦНИРТИ им. академика А.И. Берга»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academician A.I. Berg Central Radio-Research Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>57</fpage><lpage>65</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Харалгин С.В., Войтович М.И., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Харалгин С.В., Войтович М.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kharalgin S.V., Voytovich M.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rtj-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/302">https://www.rtj-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/302</self-uri><abstract><p>На основе существующих методов измерения диэлектрических характеристик материалов выбран метод конечного интегрирования, оптимальный для проведения расчетов в системе электродинамического автоматизированного проектирования. Исходя из расчетных значений матрицы рассеяния по заданному алгоритму вычислены диэлектрическая проницаемость и тангенс угла диэлектрических потерь образцов печатаемого полимера. При оценке точности расчета диэлектрических характеристик осуществлена валидация для образца с заданными характеристиками. Для образца, печатаемого по технологии послойного наплавления полимерных нитей, проведена оценка влияния параметров заполнения на диэлектрические характеристики печатаемой модели в Х-диапазоне длин волн. Приведено описание модели, реализованной в системе автоматизированного проектирования. Путем обработки результатов моделирования получены аппроксимирующие зависимости для диэлектрической проницаемости и потерь от степени заполнения диэлектриком. Из расчетных угловых диаграмм следует, что снижение степени заполнения диэлектрика напрямую отражается на степени анизотропии получаемого при печати полимера в плоскости расположения экструдированных слоев. При этом также увеличивается глубина экстремумов, наблюдаемых при углах 0°, 90° и 180°. Наличие этих экстремумов напрямую связано с тем, что силовые линии напряженности основного типа волны в волноводе располагаются перпендикулярно широкой стенке, и в ситуации, когда объемы воздушных зазоров между цилиндрами оказываются параллельными силовым линиям напряженности, наблюдается общее снижение диэлектрической проницаемости. Для печатаемого образца, состоящего из двух слоев перекрещенных цилиндров, воздушные объемы оказываются параллельными силовым линиям с периодом в 90°, что и подтверждается полученными результатами. Увеличение глубины экстремумов при снижении степени заполнения связано с соответствующим увеличением воздушного пространства между цилиндрами в слое печатаемого полимера.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Based on the existing methods of measuring the dielectric characteristics of materials, the most optimal method for performing calculations in the electrodynamic computer-aided design system is selected by the finite integration method. Based on the calculated values of the scattering matrix, the permittivity and the tangent of the dielectric loss angle of the printed polymer samples are calculated according to a given algorithm. When evaluating the accuracy of the calculation of the dielectric characteristics, validation was performed for a sample with the specified characteristics. For a sample printed using the technology of fused filament fabrication, the influence of the filling parameters on the dielectric characteristics of the printed model in the X-band of wavelengths was estimated. The description of the model implemented in the computer-aided design system is given. By processing the simulation results, approximating dependences for the permittivity and losses on the degree of filling with the dielectric are obtained. It follows from the calculated angular diagrams that the decrease in the degree of filling of the dielectric directly affects the degree of anisotropy of the polymer obtained during printing in the plane of the extruded layers. This also increases the depth of the extremes observed at angles of 0°, 90° and 180°. The presence of these extremes is directly related to the fact that the force lines of the main wave type in the waveguide are located perpendicular to the wide wall and in a situation where the volumes of air gaps between the cylinders are parallel to the force lines of tension, there is a general decrease in the dielectric constant. For a printed sample consisting of two layers of crossed cylinders, the air volumes are parallel to the lines of force with a period of ninety degrees, which is confirmed by the results obtained. An increase in the depth of the extremes with a decrease in the degree of filling is associated with a corresponding increase in the air space between the cylinders in the layer of the printed polymer.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>технология 3D-печати</kwd><kwd>аддитивные технологии</kwd><kwd>волноводный метод определения диэлектрических характеристик</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>3D printing technology</kwd><kwd>additive technologies</kwd><kwd>waveguide method for determining dielectric  characteristics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elsallal M.W., Hood J., McMichael I. 3D Printed Material Characterization for Complex Phased and Metamaterials. Microwave Journal. 2016;59(10):20−34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elsallal M.W., Hood J., McMichael I. 3D Printed Material Characterization for Complex Phased and Metamaterials. Microwave Journal. 2016;59(10):20−34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang S., Cadman D., Whittow W. et al. 3D Antennas, Metamaterials, and Additive Manufacturing. In: Proc. Conf. 2019 IEEE MTT-S International Wireless Symposium (IWS). Guangzhou, China. May 19−22, 2019. N.Y.: IEEE; 2019. Р. 1. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEEIWS.2019.8803909</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang  S.,  Cadman  D.,  Whittow  W. et  al.  3D  Antennas, Metamaterials,  and  Additive  Manufacturing.  In: Proc.  Conf.  2019  IEEE  MTT-S  International  Wireless Symposium (IWS). Guangzhou, China. May 19−22, 2019. N.Y.:  IEEE;  2019. Р.  1.  https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEEIWS.2019.8803909</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sadeqi A., Rezaei Nejad H., Owyeung R.E., Sonkusale S. Three dimensional printing of metamaterial embedded geometrical optics (MEGO). Microsystems&amp; Nanoengineering. 2019;5:16. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41378-019-0053-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sadeqi  A.,  Rezaei  Nejad  H.,  Owyeung  R.E.,  Sonkusale S.  Three  dimensional  printing  of  metamaterial embedded  geometrical  optics  (MEGO).  Microsystems &amp;  Nanoengineering. 2019;5:16. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41378-019-0053-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Как мы напечатали антенну. URL: https://3dtoday.ru/blogs/ilyavyazigin/3d-antenna</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kak  my  napechatali  antennu  (How  have  we  printed  the antenna)  URL:  https://3dtoday.ru/blogs/ilyavyazigin/3dantenna</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Харалгин C.В., Куликов Г.В., Котельников А.Б., Снастин М.В., Добычина Е.М. Изготовление устройств СВЧ с применением технологии 3D-печати. Российский технологический журнал. 2019;7(1):80−101. https://doi.org/10.32362/2500-316X-2019-7-1-80-101</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kharalgin  S.V.,  Kulikov  G.V.,  Kotelnikov  A.B.,  Snastin M.V.,  Dobychina  E.M.  Prototyping  of  microwave devices  with  specified  electrodynamic  characteristics using  additive  3D  printing  technology.  Rossiiskii tekhnologicheskii  zhurnal  =  Russian  Technological Journal. 2019;7(1):80−101  (in  Russ.) https://doi.org/10.32362/2500-316X-2019-7-1-80-101</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Демиденко Е.В., Кузьмин С.В., Кирик Д.И. 3D-печать антенно-фидерных устройств с использованием полимерных материалов. В сб.: VIIВсероссийская НТК «Электроника и микроэлектроника СВЧ»: сб. тез. докл. (28−31 мая 2018 г., Санкт-Петербург) СПб.: СПбГЭТУ «ЛЭТИ»; 2018. С. 491.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Demidenko E.V., Kuz’min S.V., Kirik D.I. 3D printing of antenna-feeder devices using polymer materials. In: VII Vserossiiskaya  NTK  “Elektronika  i  mikroelektronika SVCh,” sb.  tez.  dokl.  (VII  All-Russian  Scientific  and Technical  Conference  “Microwave  Electronics  and Microelectronics,” Collection  of  Abstracts).  Saint Petersburg: Saint-Petersburg Electrotechnical University; 2018, p. 491. (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Creedon D.L., Goryachev M., Kostylev N., Sercombe T.B., Tobar M. A 3D Printed Superconducting Aluminium Microwave Cavity. Applied Physics Letters.2016;109(3). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4958684</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Creedon D.L., Goryachev M., Kostylev N., Sercombe T.B., Tobar  M.  A  3D  Printed  Superconducting  Aluminium Microwave Cavity. Applied Physics Letters.2016;109(3). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4958684</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang B., Linnér P., Karnfelt C., Tarn P.L., Södervall U., Zirath H. Attempt of the metallic 3D printing technology for millimeter-wave antenna implementations. In: 2015 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC). Nanjing, China, 2015, p. 1−3. https://doi.org/10.1109/APMC.2015.7413011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang B., Linnér P., Karnfelt C., Tarn P.L., Södervall U., Zirath H. Attempt of the metallic 3D printing technology for  millimeter-wave  antenna  implementations.  In: 2015  Asia-Pacific  Microwave  Conference  (APMC). Nanjing,  China,  2015,  p.  1−3. https://doi.org/10.1109/APMC.2015.7413011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang B. et al. Metallic 3-D Printed Antennas for Millimeter-and Submillimeter Wave Applications. IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology. 2016;6(4):592−600. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2016.2562508</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang B. et al. Metallic 3-D Printed Antennas for Millimeter-and Submillimeter Wave Applications. IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology. 2016;6(4):592−600. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2016.2562508</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Honari M.M., Mirzavand R., Saghlatoon H. Mousavi P. Investigation of the 3D Printing Roughness Effect on the Performance of a Dielectric Rod Antenna. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters. 2018;17(11):2075−2079. https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2018.2869580</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Honari  M.M.,  Mirzavand  R.,  Saghlatoon  H.  Mousavi  P. Investigation of the 3D Printing Roughness Effect on the Performance of a Dielectric Rod Antenna. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters. 2018;17(11):2075−2079. https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2018.2869580</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moscato S. et al. Infill-Dependent 3-D-Printed Material Based on NinjaFlex Filament for Antenna Applications. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters. 2016;15:1506−1509. https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2016.2516101</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moscato  S. et  al.  Infill-Dependent  3-D-Printed Material  Based  on  NinjaFlex  Filament  for  Antenna Applications. IEEE Antennas and  Wireless  Propagation Letters.  2016;15:1506−1509.  https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2016.2516101</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahmadloo M. Design and fabrication of geometrically complicated multiband microwave devices using a novel integrated 3D printing technique. In: 2013 IEEE 22nd Conference on Electrical Performance of Electronic Packaging and Systems. San Jose, CA, USA. 2013, p. 29−32. https://doi.org/10.1109/EPEPS.2013.6703460</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahmadloo  M.  Design  and  fabrication  of  geometrically complicated  multiband  microwave  devices  using  a novel  integrated  3D  printing  technique.  In: 2013  IEEE 22nd Conference on Electrical Performance of Electronic Packaging  and  Systems.  San  Jose,  CA,  USA.  2013,  p. 29−32. https://doi.org/10.1109/EPEPS.2013.6703460</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Le T. et al. A novel strain sensor based on 3D printing technology and 3D antenna design. In: 2015 IEEE 65th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC). San Diego, CA, USA, 2015, p. 981−986. https://doi.org/10.1109/ECTC.2015.7159714</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Le T. et  al. A  novel  strain  sensor  based  on  3D  printing technology and 3D antenna design. In: 2015 IEEE 65th Electronic  Components  and  Technology  Conference (ECTC). San Diego, CA, USA, 2015, p. 981−986. https://doi.org/10.1109/ECTC.2015.7159714</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Раков А.В., Думчиков К.А., Жуков В.В., Ухандеев В.И., Колединцева М.Ю. Диэлектрические свойства короноэлектретов на основе полилактида. В сб.: XXIV Международная конференция «Электромагнитное поле и материалы (Фундаментальные физические исследования)»,сб. тез. докл. (18−19 ноября 2016 г., Москва). М.: НИУ «МЭИ»; 2016. С. 617.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rakov A.V., Dumchikov K.A., Zhukov V.V., Ukhandeev V.I.,  Koledintseva  M.Yu.  Dielectric  properties of  cronobacter  based  on  polylactide.  In:  XXIV Mezhdunarodnaya konferentsiya “Elektromagnitnoe pole i materialy (Fundamental’nye fizicheskie issledovaniya),” sb.  tez.  dokl.  (Proceedings  of  the  XXIV  International Conference  Electromagnetic  Field  and  Materials (Fundamental  Physical  Research)).  Moscow:  MPEI; 2016, p. 617. (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пархоменко М.П., Каленов Д.С., Еремин И.С. и др. Повышение точности измерений комплексных диэлектрической и магнитной проницаемостей в сверх-высокочастотном диапазоне волноводным методом. Радиотехника и электроника. 2020;65(8):764−768. https://doi.org/10.30898/1684-1719.2018.9.6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parkhomenko M.P., Kalenov D.S., Eremina I.S., Fedoseeva N.A., Kolesnikova V.M., Dyakonova O.A. Improving the accuracy in measuring the complex dielectric and magnetic permeabilities in the microwave range using the waveguide method. Journal  of  Communications  Technology  and Electronics.  2020;65(8):894−898. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064226920080100[Parkhomenko M.P., Kalenov D.S., Eremin I.S., Fedoseev N.A., Kolesnikova V.M., Barinov Yu.L.  Povyshenie  tochnosti  izmerenii  kompleksnykh dielektricheskoi  i  magnitnoi  pronitsaemostei  v sverkhvysokochastotnom  diapazone  volnovodnym metodom. Radiotekhnika  i  elektronika  =  Journal of  Communications  Technology  and  Electronics.2020;65(8):746−768 (in Russ.).]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
