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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mireabulletin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Russian Technological Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Technological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-3210</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-316X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RTU MIREA</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32362/2500-316X-2021-9-2-22-34</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mireabulletin-299</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ. ИНФОРМАТИКА. ПРОБЛЕМЫ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFORMATION SYSTEMS. COMPUTER SCIENCES. ISSUES OF INFORMATION SECURITY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Пешеходная навигация: чем инерциальные модули  могут помочь смартфонам?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pedestrian navigation:  how can inertial measurment units assist smartphones?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1029-3690</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чистяков</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chistyakov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чистяков Иван Александрович, аспирант кафедры системного анализа факультета вычислительной математики и кибернетики</p><p>119234, Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 52</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57212444724</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan A. Chistyakov, Postgraguate Student, System Analysis Department,</p><p>1-52, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119234</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57212444724</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chistyakov.ivan@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гришов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grishov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гришов Иван Владимирович, аспирант кафедры «Проблемы управления» Института кибернетики ФГБОУ ВО </p><p>119454, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan V. Grishov, Postgraguate Student, Control Problems Department, Institute of Cybernetics</p><p>78, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119454 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivan.grishov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никулин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikulin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никулин Алексей Андреевич, научный сотрудник</p><p>115191, Москва, Большой Староданиловский пер., д. 2, стр. 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey A. Nikulin, Researcher</p><p>2-7, Bolshoi Starodanilovsky per., Moscow, 115191 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikulin.alexey@huawei.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пихлецкий</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pikhletsky</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пихлецкий Михаил Викторович, к.т.н., ведущий исследователь</p><p>121614, Москва, Алтуфьевское шоссе, д. 1/7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail V. Pikhletsky, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Principal Researcher</p><p>1/7 Altuf’evskoe sh., Moscow, 121614</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pikhletsky.mikhail@huawei.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5866-3411</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гарцеев</surname><given-names>И. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gartseev</surname><given-names>I. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гарцеев Илья Борисович, к.т.н., доцент кафедры «Проблемы управления» Института кибернетики, ведущий инженер ключевых проектов</p><p>119454, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 78</p><p> ResearcherID: Y-6501-2019, Scopus Author ID: 55973474600</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya B. Gartseev, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Associate Professor, Control Problems Department, Institute of Cybernetics, Lead Engineer of Key Projects</p><p>78, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119454</p><p>1/7 Altuf’evskoe sh., Moscow, 121614</p><p>ResearcherID: Y-6501-2019, Scopus Author ID: 55973474600</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gartseev@mirea.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МИРЭА – Российский технологический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MIREA – Russian Technological University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «КС Кадровый Консалтинг»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>KS Kadrovyi Consulting</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Техкомпания Хуавэй»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Huawei</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МИРЭА – Российский технологический университет; ООО «Техкомпания Хуавэй»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MIREA – Russian Technological University;  Huawei</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>22</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чистяков И.А., Гришов И.В., Никулин А.А., Пихлецкий М.В., Гарцеев И.Б., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чистяков И.А., Гришов И.В., Никулин А.А., Пихлецкий М.В., Гарцеев И.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chistyakov I.A., Grishov I.V., Nikulin A.A., Pikhletsky M.V., Gartseev I.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rtj-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/299">https://www.rtj-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/299</self-uri><abstract><p>Работа посвящена построению референсных траекторий ходьбы человека с целью дальнейшей разработки на их основе алгоритмов пешеходной навигации для смартфонов, в том числе с помощью методов машинного обучения. Рассматривается задача восстановления замкнутых траекторий по данным, полученным с помощью инерциальных измерительных блоков (ИИБ), зафиксированных на ногах в области подъема стопы. Особенностями подхода являются использование недорогих датчиков и простота представленного метода. Предлагаются алгоритмы, позволяющие построить сглаженную двумерную траекторию движения пешехода как по измерениям одного ИИБ, так и по совместным измерениям двух блоков. Алгоритмы основаны на использовании модификации фильтра Калмана и предположения о нулевой скорости ИИБ в момент соприкосновения стопы пешехода с поверхностью. В случае двух измерительных блоков дополнительно предполагается, что положения датчиков левой и правой ног не могут значительно отличаться друг от друга. Работа алгоритмов была проверена на траекториях длительностью от 1 до 10 минут, полученных при движении пешеходов внутри помещений по ровным горизонтальным поверхностям. Для оценки полученных результатов восстановленные указанными способами траектории сравниваются с высокоточными решениями, построенными с помощью данных от GNSS-приемников, работающих в RTK-режиме. Также рассматривается вопрос синхронизированного сбора данных от всех источников и приводится подробное описание проведенных экспериментов и используемого оборудования. Набор данных, на котором происходила верификация алгоритмов, свободно доступен по адресу: http://gartseev.ru/projects/rtj2021.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper is devoted to construction of reference walking trajectories for developing pedestrian navigation algorithms for smartphones. Such trajectories can be used both for verification of classical algorithms of navigation or for application of machine learning technics. Reconstruction of closed trajectories based on data from foot-mounted inertial measurement units (IMU) is investigated. The advantages of the approach are the use of inexpensive sensors and the simplicity of the presented method. We propose algorithms for reconstruction of smooth 2D pedestrian trajectories based on measurements from a single IMU as well as on combined measurements from two IMU’s. Introduced algorithms are based on application of modified Kalman filter with an assumption of IMU having zero velocity when foot contacts the ground. In case of two measurement units, it is additionally assumed that the positions of the sensors cannot differ significantly from each other. The algorithms were tested on trajectories lasting from 1 to 10 minutes, passing indoors on horizontal surfaces. Obtained results were compared with high precision trajectories acquired with GNSS RTK receivers. Additionally, the process of inter-device time synchronization is investigated and detailed description of the experiments and used equipment is given. The dataset used for verification of proposed algorithms is freely available at: http://gartseev.ru/projects/rtj2021.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пешеходная навигация</kwd><kwd>инерциальная навигация</kwd><kwd>ИИБ</kwd><kwd>наблюдение нулевой скорости</kwd><kwd>инерциальная навигационная система</kwd><kwd>RTK-режим</kwd><kwd>датасет</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd><kwd>глубокое обучение</kwd><kwd>смартфон</kwd><kwd>синхронизация измерительных блоков</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pedestrian navigation</kwd><kwd>inertial navigation</kwd><kwd>inertial navigation system (INS)</kwd><kwd>inertial measurement  unit (IMU)</kwd><kwd>zero velocity update (ZUPT)</kwd><kwd>foot mounted device</kwd><kwd>RTK</kwd><kwd>dataset</kwd><kwd>machine learning</kwd><kwd>deep learning</kwd><kwd>PDR</kwd><kwd>smartphone</kwd><kwd>synchronization</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Woodman O.J. 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