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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mireabulletin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Russian Technological Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Technological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-3210</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-316X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RTU MIREA</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32362/2500-316X-2020-8-3-14-32</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mireabulletin-222</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РОБОТИЗИРОВАННЫЕ КОМПЛЕКСЫ И СИСТЕМЫ. ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ДИСТАНЦИОННОГО ЗОНДИРОВАНИЯ НЕРАЗРУШАЮЩЕГО КОНТРОЛЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MULTIPLE ROBOTS (ROBOTIC CENTERS) AND SYSTEMS. REMOTE SENSING AND NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Обзор аппаратно-программного обеспечения систем управления роботов различного масштаба и назначения. Часть 3. Экстремальная робототехника</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A review on control systems hardware and software for robots of various scale and purpose. Part 3. Extreme robotics</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Романов Алексей Михайлович - кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры биокибернетических систем и технологий Института кибернетики.</p><p>119454, Москва, пр. Вернадского, д. 78.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey M. Romanov - Cand. Sci. (Engineering), Associate Professor, Chair of Biocybernetics Systems and Technologies, Institute of Cybernetics, MIREA - Russian Technological University.</p><p>78, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow 119454.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">romanov@mirea.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МИРЭА - Российский технологический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MIREA - Russian Technological University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>06</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>14</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Романов А.М., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Романов А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Romanov A.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rtj-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/222">https://www.rtj-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/222</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе проводится обзор роботов различного масштаба и назначения. В ходе обзора анализируются применяемые аппаратные и программные решения и обобщаются наиболее распространённые структурные схемы систем управления. По результатам обзора проводится анализ подходов к масштабированию систем управления, применению алгоритмов интеллектуального управления, обеспечению отказоустойчивости, снижению массогабаритных размеров элементов систем управления, свойственных разным классам роботов. Целью работы является поиск общих подходов, применяемых в различных областях робототехники для построения на их основе единой методологии проектирования масштабируемых интеллектуальных систем управления роботов с заданным уровнем отказоустойчивости на унифицированной элементной базе. Данная часть посвящена экстремальной робототехнике и обобщению выводов по всему циклу работ. В работе отмечается возможность и необходимость развития единых подходов к созданию роботов различного масштаба и назначения. Отмечается, что в отличие от многих зарубежных стран, в Российской Федерации надо учитывать серьезные ограничения на элементную базу, которые не позволяют свободно проводить конверсию технологий между гражданской, военной и космической робототехникой. В связи с этим, предлагается провести анализ взаимозаменяемой российской и зарубежной элементной базы, выделить технические решения в области создания элементов систем управления и организации информационного обмена между ними, которые могли бы быть реализованы как на зарубежной, так и на отечественной элементной базе, и на их основе создать концептуальную модель масштабируемой интеллектуальной системы управления с заданным уровнем отказоустойчивости на унифицированной элементной базе.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A review of robotic systems is carried out. The paper analyzes applied hardware and software solutions and summarizes the most common block diagrams of control systems. The analysis of approaches to control systems scaling, the use of intelligent control, achieving of fault tolerance, reducing the weight and size of control system elements belonging to various classes of robotic systems is carried out. The goal of the review is finding common approaches used in various areas of robotics to build on their basis a uniform methodology for designing scalable intelligent control systems for robots with a given level of fault tolerance on a unified component base. This part is dedicated to extreme robotics and the generalization of the conclusions for the whole review. The paper notes the possibility and necessity of developing common approaches to the creation of robots of various sizes and purposes. It is noted that, in contrast to many foreign countries, in the Russian Federation developers must consider the serious limitations on the electronics components, which do not allow for the free conversion of technologies between civilian, military and space robotics. In this regard, it is proposed to analyze the interchangeable Russian and foreign microelectronic components, to find technical solutions in the field of the control systems and communication between them, which could be implemented both in foreign and Russian microelectronics, and to create on their basis a conceptual model of scalable intelligent control system with a required level of fault tolerance. The model should be based on a unified set of components.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>робототехника</kwd><kwd>экстремальная робототехника</kwd><kwd>подводные роботы</kwd><kwd>космические роботы</kwd><kwd>военные роботы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>robotics</kwd><kwd>extreme robotics</kwd><kwd>underwater robots</kwd><kwd>space robots</kwd><kwd>military robots</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хрипунов С.В., Донченко А.А., Чиров Д.С., Винокурова Ю.С., Климов Р.С. и др. Робототехнические средства, комплексы и системы военного назначения. Основные положения. Классификация. Методические Рекомендации. М: ГНИИ ЦР МО РФ, 2015. 34 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khripunov S.V., Donchenko A.A., Chirov D.S., Vinokurova Yu.S., Klimov R.S. et al. 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