<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mireabulletin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Russian Technological Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Technological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-3210</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-316X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RTU MIREA</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32362/2500-316X-2019-7-3-7-27</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mireabulletin-152</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ. ИНФОРМАТИКА. ПРОБЛЕМЫ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFORMATION SYSTEMS. COMPUTER SCIENCES. ISSUES OF INFORMATION SECURITY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Стохастические и перколяционные модели динамики блокировки вычислительных сетей при распространении эпидемий эволюционирующих компьютерных вирусов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Stochastic and Percolating Models of Blocking Computer Networks Dynamics during Distribution of Epidemics of Evolutionary Computer Viruses</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лесько</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lesko</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры «Управление и моделирование систем» Института комплексной безопасности и специального приборостроения</p><p>119454, Россия, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Engineering), Associate Professor of the Chair "Management and Modeling of Systems", Institute of Integrated Security and Special Instrumentation</p><p>78, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow 119454, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sergey@testor.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алёшкин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alyoshkin</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры «Информационное противоборство» Института комплексной безопасности и специального приборостроения</p><p>119454, Россия, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Engineering), Associate Professor of the Chair "Information Confrontation", Institute of Integrated Security and Special Instrumentation</p><p>78, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow 119454, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филатов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filatov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, заместитель заведующего кафедрой «Управление и моделирование систем» Института комплексной безопасности и специального приборостроения</p><p>119454, Россия, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Engineering), Deputy Head of the Chair "Management and Modeling of Systems", Institute of Integrated Security and Special Instrumentation</p><p>78, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow 119454, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МИРЭА – Российский технологический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MIREA – Russian Technological University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>06</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>27</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лесько С.А., Алёшкин А.С., Филатов В.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лесько С.А., Алёшкин А.С., Филатов В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lesko S.A., Alyoshkin A.S., Filatov V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rtj-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/152">https://www.rtj-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/152</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе представлена комплексная модель динамики развития эпидемий вирусов в компьютерных сетях, созданная на основе учета их топологических свойств и механизмов распространения вирусов. С одной стороны, данная модель основана на использовании методов теории перколяции, которые позволяют определить такие структурно-информационные характеристики сетей, как зависимость порога перколяции от среднего числа связей (приходящихся) на один узел (плотность сети). С другой стороны, рассматриваются динамические процессы стохастического распространения в компьютерных сетях эволюционирующих вирусов при устаревании и запаздывании действия антивирусов. В работе рассматривается понятие порога перколяции, приводится уравнение зависимости величины порога перколяции сети от её плотности, полученное в результате анализа данных численного моделирования. Динамика распространения вирусов разработана с использованием двух подходов: первый основан на описании диаграмм переходов между состояниями узлов, после чего строится система кинетических дифференциальных уравнений распространения вирусов; второй – на рассмотрении вероятностей переходов между возможными состояниями всей сети в целом. Получено дифференциальное уравнение второго порядка и сформулирована краевая задача, решение которой описывает зависимость вероятности блокирования сети от вероятности блокирования отдельного узла. Это решение позволяет также оценить время достижения порога перколяции. В модель заложены эволюционные свойства вирусов (ранее иммунизированные или вылеченные узлы через некоторый интервал времени могут быть снова инфицированы), и время запаздывания антивирусной защиты. Анализ полученных решений для созданных моделей показывает возможность существования различных режимов распространения вирусов. Подчеркнуть, что при некоторых наборах величин коэффициентов дифференциальных уравнений наблюдается осциллирующий и почти периодический характер распространения вирусных эпидемий, что в значительной степени совпадает с реальными наблюдениями.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper presents a complex model of the dynamics of virus epidemies propagation in computer networks, based on topological properties of computer networks and mechanisms of the viruses spread. On one hand, this model is based on the use of percolation theory methods, which makes it possible to determine such structural-information characteristics of networks as the dependence of the percolation threshold on the average number of connections per one node (network density). On the other hand, the dynamic processes of stochastic propagation in computer networks of evolving viruses are observed when anti-virus programs become outdated and postponed. The paper discusses the concept of percolation threshold, provides an equation for the dependence of the percolation threshold of a network on its density obtained by analyzing numerical simulation data. The dynamics of virus epidemies were studied through two approaches. The first one is based on the description of transition diagrams between states of nodes, after which a system of kinetic differential equations for the virus epidemies is constructed. The second is based on considering the probabilities of transitions between possible states of the entire network. A second-order differential equation is obtained in this article, and a boundary value problem is formulated. Its solution describes the dependence of the network blocking probability on the blocking probability of an individual node. The solution also makes it possible to estimate the time required to reach the percolation threshold. The model incorporates the evolutionary properties of viruses: previously immunized or disinfected nodes can be infected again after a certain time interval. Besides, the model incorporates a lag of the anti-virus protection. Analysis of the solutions obtained for the models created shows the possibility of various modes of virus propagation. Moreover, with some sets of values of differential equation coefficients, an oscillating and almost periodic nature of virus epidemies is observed, which largely coincides with real observations.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>модель эволюционирующих компьютерных вирусов</kwd><kwd>осциллирующая динамика эпидемий компьютерных вирусов</kwd><kwd>времена запаздывания</kwd><kwd>диаграммы переходов между состояниями узлов</kwd><kwd>стохастические процессы</kwd><kwd>порог перколяции сетей со случайной структурой</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>computer model evolving viruses</kwd><kwd>oscillating dynamics of computer viruses epidemies</kwd><kwd>lag times</kwd><kwd>state transition graphs</kwd><kwd>stochastic processes</kwd><kwd>percolation threshold of networks with random topologies</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anderson H., Britton T. Stochastic Epidemic Models and Their Statistical Analysis. NY: Springer-Verlag New-York, Inc., 2000. 133 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anderson H., Britton T. Stochastic Epidemic Models and Their Statistical Analysis. NY: Springer-Verlag, New-York, Inc., 2000. 133 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Earn David J.D., Rohani Pejman, Bolker Benjamin M., Grenfell Bryan T. A simple model for complex dynamical transitions in epidemics // Science. 2000. V. 287. P. 667–670. DOI: 10.1126/science.287.5453.667</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Earn David J.D., Rohani Pejman, Bolker Benjamin M., Grenfell Bryan T. A simple model for complex dynamical transitions in epidemics. Science. 2000; 287:667-670. DOI: 10.1126/science.287.5453.667</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang C., Knight J. C., Elder M. C. Impact of network structure on malware propagation: A growth curve perspective // J. Manag. Inform. Syst. 2016. V. 33. № 1. P. 296–325. DOI: 10.1080/07421222.2016.1172440</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang C., Knight J. C., Elder M. C. Impact of network structure on malware propagation: A growth curve perspective. J. Manag. Inform. Syst. 2016; 33(1):296-325. DOI: 10.1080/07421222.2016.1172440</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Misra V., Gong W., Towsley D. Fluid-based analysis of a network of AQM routers supporting TCP flows with an application to RED // ACM/SIGCOMM Computer Commun. Rev. 2000. V. 30(4). P. 151–160. DOI: 10.1145/347059.347421</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Misra V., Gong W., Towsley D. A fluid based analysis of a network of AQM routers supporting TCP flows with an application to RED. ACM/SIGCOMM Computer Commun. Rev. 2000; 30(4):151-160. DOI: 10.1145/347059.347421</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumar M., Kumar M.B., Panda T.C. A new model on the spread of malicious objects in computer network // Int. J. Hybrid Inform. Technol. 2013. V. 6. № 6. P. 161–176. DOI: 10.14257/ijhit.2013.6.6.14</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumar M., Kumar M.B., Panda T.C. A new model on the spread of malicious objects in computer network. Int. J. Hybrid Inform. Technol. 2013; 6(6):161-176. DOI: 10.14257/ijhit.2013.6.6.14</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumar M.B., Mursalin A.G. Differential epidemic model of virus and worms in computer network // Int. J. Network Security. 2012. V. 14. № 3. P. 149–155.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumar M.B., Mursalin A.G. Differential epidemic model of virus and worms in computer network. Int. J. Network Security. 2012; 14(3):149-155.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Семенов С.Г., Давыдов В.В. Математическая модель распространения компьютерных вирусов в гетерогенных компьютерных сетях автоматизированных систем управления технологическим процессом // Вестник Нац. техн. ун-та "ХПИ". 2012. № 38. С. 163–171.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Semenov S.G., Davydov V.V. Mathematical model of computer virus distribution in heterogeneous computer networks of automated process control systems. Vestnik NTU "KhPI" (Bulletin of the National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute"). 2012; 38:163-171. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Balthrop J., Forrest S., Newman M.E.J., Williamson M.M. Technological networks and the spread of computer viruses // Science. 2004. V. 304. Р. 527–529. DOI: 10.1126/science.1095845</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balthrop J., Forrest S., Newman M.E.J., Williamson M.M. Technological networks and the spread of computer viruses. Science. 2004; 304:527-529. DOI: 10.1126/science.1095845</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Li-Chiou, Carley K.M. The impact of countermeasure propagation on the prevalence of computer viruses // IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. Part B: Cybernetics. 2004. V. 34. № 2. Р. 823–833.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Li-Chiou, Carley K.M. The impact of countermeasure propagation on the prevalence of computer viruses. IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. Part B: Cybernetics. 2004; 34(2):823-833.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ojugo A.A., Aghware F.O., Yoro R.E., Yerokun M.O., Eboka A.O., Anujeonye C.N., Efozia F.N. Evolutionary model for virus propagation on networks // Automation, Control and Intelligent Systems. 2015. V. 3(4). Р. 56–62. doi: 10.11648/j.acis.20150304.12</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ojugo A.A., Aghware F.O., Yoro R.E., Yerokun M.O., Eboka A.O., Anujeonye C.N., Efozia F.N. Evolutionary model for virus propagation on networks. Automation, Control and Intelligent Systems. 2015; 3(4):56-62. doi: 10.11648/j.acis.20150304.12</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vălean H., Pop A., Avram C. Intelligent model for virus spreading // Proceed. of the Int. Symp. on System Theory, Automation, Robotics, Computers, Informatics, Electronics and Instrumentation. SINTES 13. 18-20 October 2007, Craiova, Romania. P. 117–122.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vălean H., Pop A., Avram C. Intelligent model for virus spreading. Proceed. of the Int. Symp. on System Theory, Automation, Robotics, Computers, Informatics, Electronics and Instrumentation. SINTES 13. 18-20 October 2007, Craiova, Romania. P. 117-122.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Далингер Я.М., Бабанин Д.В., Бурков С.М. Математические модели распространения вирусов в компьютерных сетях различной структуры // Моделирование систем. 2011. № 4(30). С. 3–11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dalinger Ya.M., Babanin D.V., Burkov S.M. The mathematical models of the spreading of viruses in computer networks with the different structures. Informatika i sistemy upravleniya (Information Science and Control Systems). 2011; 4(30):3-11. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Piqueira Jos´e R.C., Cesar F.B. Dynamical models for computer viruses propagation // Mathem. Problems in Engineering. Volume 2008. Article ID 940526. 11 pages. doi:10.1155/2008/940526.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Piqueira Jos´e R.C., Cesar F.B. Dynamical models for computer viruses propagation. Mathem. Problems in Engineering. Volume 2008; Article ID 940526: 11 pages. doi:10.1155/2008/940526.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nazario J. Defense and Detection Strategies against Internet Worms. Artech House Publ., 2004. 319 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nazario J. Defense and Detection Strategies against Internet Worms. Artech House Publ., 2004. 319 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pastor-Satorras R., Vespignani A. Epidemics and immunization in scale-free networks / In: Handbook of Graphs and Networks: From the Genome to the Internet / S. Bornholdt and H. G. Schuster (eds.). Wiley-VCH, 2005. DOI: 10.1002/3527602755.ch5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pastor-Satorras R., Vespignani A. Epidemics and immunization in scale-free networks. In: Handbook of Graphs and Networks: From the Genome to the Internet. S. Bornholdt and H. G. Schuster (eds.). Wiley-VCH, 2005. DOI: 10.1002/3527602755.ch5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fekete A., Vattay G., Kocarev L. Traffic dynamics in scale-free networks // Complexus. 2006. V. 3. P. 97–107. DOI: 10.1159/000094192.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fekete A., Vattay G., Kocarev L. Traffic dynamics in scale-free networks. Complexus. 2006; 3: 97-107. DOI: 10.1159/000094192.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu Zhi-Xi, Peng G., Wong Wing-Ming, Yeung Kai-Hau. Improved routing strategies for data traffic in scale-free networks // J. Statist. Mechanics: Theory and Experiment. 2008. P11002. DOI:10.1088/1742-5468/2008/11/P11002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu Zhi-Xi, Peng G., Wong Wing-Ming, Yeung Kai-Hau. Improved routing strategies for data traffic in scale-free networks. J. Statist. Mechanics: Theory and Experiment. 2008; P11002. DOI:10.1088/1742-5468/2008/11/P11002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boccaletti S., Hwang D.-U., Latora V. Growing hierarchical scale-free networks by means of nonhierarchical processes // Int. J. Bifurcation and Chaos. 2007. V. 17. № 7. Р. 2447–2452. DOI:10.1142/S0218127407018518.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boccaletti S., Hwang D.-U., Latora V. Growing hierarchical scale-free networks by means of nonhierarchical processes. Int. J. Bifurcation and Chaos. 2007; 17(7):2447-2452. DOI: 10.1142/S0218127407018518.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhukov D., Lesko S., Lobanov D. Modeling of open network reliability including the Internet based on the theory of percolation in two-dimensional and three-dimensional regular and random network structures // Proceed. of the Int. Conf. “Internet Computing and Big Data” (ICOMP'14) - WORLDCOMP'14; 2014. V. 3. P. 132–136.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhukov D., Lesko S., Lobanov D. Modeling of open network reliability including the Internet based on the theory of percolation in two-dimensional and three-dimensional regular and random network structures. Proceed. of the Int. Conf. "Internet Computing and Big Data" (ICOMP'14) - WORLDCOMP'14; 2014; 3:132-136.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhukov D., Lesko S. The percolation theory based analysis of data transmission reliability via data communication networks with random structure and kinetics of nodes blocking by viruses // ICNS 2015: Proceed. of the Eleventh Int. Conf. on Networking and Services. May 24-29, 2015. Rome, Italy. P. 24–30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhukov D., Lesko S. The percolation theory based analysis of data transmission reliability via data communication networks with random structure and kinetics of nodes blocking by viruses. ICNS 2015: Proceed. of the Eleventh Int. Conf. on Networking and Services. May 24-29, 2015. Rome, Italy. P. 24-30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sahini M., Sahimi M. Applications of Percolation Theory. CRC Press, 2003. 276 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sahini M., Sahimi M. Applications of Percolation Theory. CRC Press, 2003. 276 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stauffer D., Aharony A. Introduction to Percolation Theory. London: Tailor &amp; Francis, 2003. 192 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stauffer D., Aharony A. Introduction to Percolation Theory. London: Tailor &amp; Francis, 2003. 192 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тарасевич Ю.Ю. Перколяция: теория, приложения, алгоритмы. М.: УРСС, 2002. 112 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tarasevich Yu.Yu. Percolation: theory, applications, algorithms. M.: Editorial URSS, 2002. 112 р. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhukov D., Khvatova T., Lesko S., Zaltsman A. Managing social networks: applying the Percolation theory methodology to understand individuals’ attitudes and moods // Technol. Forecasting and Social Change. 2018. V. 12. Р. 297–307. DOI: 10.1016/j.techfore.2017.09.039</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhukov D., Khvatova T., Lesko S., Zaltsman A. Managing social networks: applying the Percolation theory methodology to understand individuals’ attitudes and moods. Technol. Forecasting and Social Change. 2018; 129:297-307. DOI: 10.1016/j.techfore.2017.09.039</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhukov D.O., Khvatova T.Yu., Lesko S.A., Zaltsman A.D. The influence of the connections density on clusterisation and percolation threshold during information distribution in social networks // Informatics and its Applications. 2018. V. 12. Iss. 2. Р. 90–97. DOI: 10.14357/19922264180123</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhukov D.O., Khvatova T.Yu., Lesko S.A., Zaltsman A.D. The influence of the connections density on clusterisation and percolation threshold during information distribution in social networks. Informatics and its Applications. 2018; 12(2):90-97. DOI: 10.14357/19922264180123</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жуков Д.О., Гусаров А.Н., Косырева А.В. Исследование эффективных стратегий распространения компьютерных угроз // Вестник компьют. и информ. технологий. 2010. № 7(73). С. 40–46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhukov D.O., Gusarov A.N., Kosyreva A.V. Computer threats distribution effective strategy research. Vestnik komp'yuternykh i informasionnykh tekhnologij (Herald of Computer and Information Technologies). 2010; 7 (73):40-46. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
