<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mireabulletin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Russian Technological Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Technological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-3210</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-316X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RTU MIREA</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32362/2500-316X-2018-6-4-26-41</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mireabulletin-117</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РОБОТИЗИРОВАННЫЕ КОМПЛЕКСЫ И СИСТЕМЫ. ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ДИСТАНЦИОННОГО ЗОНДИРОВАНИЯ НЕРАЗРУШАЮЩЕГО КОНТРОЛЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MULTIPLE ROBOTS (ROBOTIC CENTERS) AND SYSTEMS. REMOTE SENSING AND NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>АВТОМАТИЧЕСКИЙ СИНТЕЗ СЦЕНАРИЕВ ПОХОДКИ РЕКОНФИГУРИРУЕМЫХ МЕХАТРОННО-МОДУЛЬНЫХ РОБОТОВ В МОДИФИКАЦИИ ШАГАЮЩЕЙ ПЛАТФОРМЫ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>AUTOMATIC SYNTHESIS OF GAIT SCENARIOS FOR RECONFIGURABLE MECHATRONIC MODULAR ROBOTS IN THE MODIFICATION OF THE WALKING PLATFORM</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Манько</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Manko</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шестаков</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shestakov</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">shestakov.e.i@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МИРЭА - Российский технологический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MIREA - Russian Technological University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>08</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>26</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Манько С.В., Шестаков Е.И., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Манько С.В., Шестаков Е.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Manko S.V., Shestakov E.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rtj-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/117">https://www.rtj-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/117</self-uri><abstract><p>Реконфигурируемые мехатронно-модульные роботы, главной отличительной особенностью которых является способность к адаптации своей структуры в зависимости от специфики выполняемых задач и условий окружающей обстановки, представляют большой интерес для широкого спектра различных приложений. Один из ключевых вопросов управления движением роботов такого типа заключается в необходимости использования оригинальных алгоритмов для каждой из возможных конфигураций, многообразие которых будет определяться конструкцией мехатронных модулей, их численностью и выбранным вариантом сопряжения. Некоторые типовые конфигурации мехатронно-модульных перестраиваемых роботов допускают возможность разработки алгоритмов управления движением, инвариантных к числу звеньев в составе кинематической структуры. Однако перспективный подход к решению проблемы в общем случае связан с развитием средств и методов самообучения, позволяющих обеспечить автоматизированный синтез алгоритмов управления движением многозвенного мехатронно-модульного робота с учетом его выбранной конфигурации. В настоящей статье обсуждаются результаты поисковых исследований по применению аппарата самоорганизуемых конечных автоматов для решения задачи автоматического синтеза сценариев походки реконфигурируемых мехатронно-модульных роботов в модификации шагающей платформы. Приводятся результаты модельных экспериментов, подтверждающих работоспособность и эффективность разработанных алгоритмов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Reconfigurable mechatronic modular robots capable of adapting their structure depending on the specifics of the tasks performed and the environmental conditions are of great interest for a wide range of different applications. One of the key issues in controlling the movement of robots of this type is the need to use original algorithms for each of the possible configurations. The variety of configurations is determined by the structure of mechatronic modules, their number and the selected connection option. Some typical configurations of mechatronic modular robots allow the development of motion control algorithms invariant with respect to the number of modules in the kinematic structure. However, a promising approach to solving the problem is generally associated with the development of self-learning methods and tools for the automated synthesis of motion control algorithms of a multi-link mechatronic modular robot in case of chosen configuration. This article discusses the results of research on the use of self-organized finite-state machines for solving the problem of automatic synthesis of scenarios for the gait of reconfigurable mechatronic-modular robots in the modification of the walking platform. The results of model experiments confirming the efficiency and effectiveness of the developed algorithms are presented.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>реконфигурируемые мехатронно-модульные роботы</kwd><kwd>самообучение</kwd><kwd>интеллектуальные системы управления</kwd><kwd>конечные автоматы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>reconfigurable modular robots</kwd><kwd>self-learning</kwd><kwd>intelligent control systems</kwd><kwd>finitestate machine</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jing G., Tosun T., Yim M., Kress-Gazit H. An end-to-end system for accomplishing tasks with modular robots / In: Proceedings of Conference Robotics: Science and Systems, 2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jing G., Tosun T., Yim M., Kress-Gazit H. An end-to-end system for accomplishing tasks with modular robots / In: Proceedings of Conference Robotics: Science and Systems, 2016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макаров И.М., Лохин В.М., Манько С.В.. Романов М.П., Кадочников М.В. Алгоритмы управления движением мехатронно-модульных роботов с адаптивной кинематической структурой // Мехатроника, автоматизация, управление. 2008. № 3. С. 1-10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makarov I.M., Lokhin V.M., Manko S.V., Pomanov M.P., Kadochnikov M.V. Algoritms of control by motion of multilinkmechatronic-Modular robots with adaptive kinematic structure // Mehatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie (Mechatronics, Automation, Control). 2008. № 3. P. 1–10. (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лохин В.М., Манько С.В., Диане С.А.К., Панин А.С., Александрова Р.И. Механизмы интеллектуальных обратных связей, обработки знаний и самообучения в системах управления автономными роботами и мультиагентными робототехническими группировками // Мехатроника, автоматизация, управление. 2015. Т. 16. № 8. С. 545-555.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lokhin V.M., Manko S.V., Alexandrova R.I., Diane S.A.K., Panin A.S. Intelligent feedback, knowledge processing and self learning in control systems of autonomous robots and multi-agent robotic groups // Mehatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie (Mechatronics, Automation, Control). 2015. V. 16. № 8. P. 545–555. (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Николаенко С.Н., Тулупьев А.Л. Самообучающиеся системы. М.: МЦНМО, 2009. 288 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikolaenko S.N., Tulupyev A.L. Self-Learning Systems. Moscow: MTSNMO Publ., 2009. 288 р. (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макаров И.М., Лохин В.М., Манько С.В., Кадочников М.В., Ситников М.С. Использование генетических алгоритмов для автоматического формирования базы знаний интеллектуальной системы управления автономным мобильным роботом // Мехатроника, автоматизация, управление. 2008. № 6. С. 18-23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makarov I.M., Lokhin V.M., Manko S.V., Kadochnikov M.V., Sitnikov M.S. Use of genetic algorithms for automatic formation of base of knowledges of intellectual control system by autonomous mobile robot // Mehatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie (Mechatronics, Automation, Control). 2008. № 5. P. 18–23. (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Busch J., Ziegler J., Aue C., Ross A., Sawitzki D., Banzhaf W. Automatic generation of control programs for walking robots using genetic programming / In: Foster J.A., Lutton E., Miller J., Ryan C., Tettamanzi A. (eds.) Genetic Programming. European Conference on Genetic Programming EuroGP, 2002. Lecture Notesin Computer Science, book series. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. V. 2278. Р. 258-267.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Busch J., Ziegler J., Aue C., Ross A., Sawitzki D., Banzhaf W. Automatic generation of control programs for walking robots using genetic programming / In: Foster J.A., Lutton E., Miller J., Ryan C., Tettamanzi A. (eds.) Genetic Programming. European Conference on Genetic Programming EuroGP, 2002. Lecture Notesin Computer Science, book series. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. V. 2278. Р. 258–267.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kober J., Peters J. Reinforcement learning in robotics: A survey // In: Reinforcement Learning / Wiering M., van Otterlo M. (eds.). Adaptation, Learning, and Optimization. V. 12. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012. Р. 579-610.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kober J., Peters J. Reinforcement learning in robotics: A survey // In: Reinforcement Learning / Wiering M., van Otterlo M. (eds.). Adaptation, Learning, and Optimization. V. 12. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012. Р. 579–610.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лохин В.М., Манько С.В., Диане С.А.К., Панин А.С., Александрова Р.И. Механизмы самообучения в мультиагентных робототехнических группировках на основе эволюционного леса деревьев классификации // Мехатроника, автоматизация, управление. 2017. Т. 18. № 3. С. 156-165.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lokhin V.M., Manko S.V., Diane S.A.K., Panin A.S., Aleksandrova R.I. Self-learning mechanisms in the multi-robot systems based on the evolution forests and classification trees // Mehatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie (Mechatronics, Automation, Control). 2017. V. 18. № 3. P. 159–165. (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kojcev R., Etxezarreta N., Hernandez A., Mayoral V. Evaluation of deep reinforcement learning methods for modular robots. arXiv preprint arXiv:1802.02395, 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kojcev R., Etxezarreta N., Hernandez A., Mayoral V. Evaluation of deep reinforcement learning methods for modular robots. arXiv preprint arXiv:1802.02395, 2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D’Angelo M., Weel B., Eiben A.E. Online gait learning for modular robots with arbitrary shapes and sizes // In: Dediu A.H., Martín-Vide C., Truthe B., Vega-Rodríguez M.A. (eds) Second International Conference on the Theory and Practice of Natural Computing (TPNC 2013), № 8273 in LNCS. Springer, Berlin. P. 45-56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D’Angelo M., Weel B., Eiben A.E. online gait learning for modular robots with arbitrary shapes and sizes // In: Dediu A.H., Martín-Vide C., Truthe B., Vega-Rodríguez M.A. (eds) Second International Conference on the Theory and Practice of Natural Computing (TPNC 2013), № 8273 in LNCS. Springer, Berlin, Р. 45–56.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Varshavskaya P., Kaelbling L.P., Rus D. Learning distributed control for modular robots // In: Intelligent robots and systems, 2004. Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). 28 Sept.-02 Oct. 2004. Sendai, Japan. V. 3. P. 2648-2653.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Varshavskaya, P., Kaelbling, L.P., Rus, D. Learning distributed control for modular robots // In: Intelligent robots and systems, of the 2004. Proceedings 2004 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). 28 Sept.–02 Oct. 2004. Sendai, Japan. V. 3. P. 2648–2653.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang J., Springenberg J.T., Boedecker J., Burgard W. Deep reinforcement learning with successor features for navigation across similar environments // Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 2017 IEEE/RSJ International Conference. P. 2371-2378.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang J., Springenberg J.T., Boedecker J., Burgard W. Deep reinforcement learning with successor features for navigation across similar environments // Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 2017 IEEE/RSJ International Conference. P. 2371–2378.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mnih V., Badia A.P., Mirza M., Graves A., Lillicrap T.P., Harley T., Silver D., Kavukcuoglu K. Asynchronous methods for deep reinforcement learning // Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Machine Learning, PMLR. 2016. P. 1928-1937.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mnih V., Badia A.P., Mirza M., Graves A., Lillicrap T.P., Harley T., Silver D., Kavukcuoglu K. Asynchronous methods for deep reinforcement learning // Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Machine Learning, PMLR. 2016. P. 1928–1937.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yoshida E., Murata S., Kamimura A., Tomita K., Kurokawa H., Kokaji S. Evolutionary synthesis of dynamic motion and reconfiguration process for a modular robot M-TRAN // Proceedings of the 2003 International Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation. 2003. P. 1004-1010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yoshida E., Murata S., Kamimura A., Tomita K., Kurokawa H., Kokaji S. Evolutionary synthesis of dynamic motion and reconfiguration process for a modular robot M-TRAN // Proceedings of the 2003 International Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation. 2003. P. 1004–1010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Demin A.V., Vityaev E.E. Adaptive control of modular robots // In: Samsonovich A., Klimov V. (eds) Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures (BICA) for Young Scientists. BICA 2017. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer, Cham., 2018. V. 636. P. 204-212.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Demin A.V., Vityaev E.E. Adaptive control of modular robots // In: Samsonovich A., Klimov V. (eds) Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures (BICA) for Young Scientists. BICA 2017. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer, Cham., 2018. V. 636. P. 204–212.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Цетлин М.Л. Исследования по теории автоматов и моделированию биологических систем. М.: Наука, 1969. 316 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsetlin M.L. Studies on the Theory of Automata and Modeling of Biological Systems. Moscow: Nauka (Science) Publ., 1969. 316 p. (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
