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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mireabulletin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Russian Technological Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Technological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-3210</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-316X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RTU MIREA</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32362/2500-316X-2025-13-2-57-73</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">TTUFNR</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mireabulletin-1127</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИКРО- И НАНОЭЛЕКТРОНИКА. ФИЗИКА КОНДЕНСИРОВАННОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MICRO- AND NANOELECTRONICS. CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Тепловые и механические механизмы деградаций в гетероструктурных полевых транзисторах на нитриде галлия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Thermal and mechanical degradation mechanisms in heterostructural field-effect transistors based on gallium nitride</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3992-5196</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миннебаев</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minnebaev</surname><given-names>Vadim M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Миннебаев Вадим Минхатович, к.т.н., доцент, заместитель генерального директора по развитию ЭКБ</p><p>105122, Москва, Щёлковское шоссе, д.5, стр.1</p><p>Scopus Author ID 6602931676</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim M. Minnebaev, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assistant Professor, Deputy General Director on the Development of Electronic Components</p><p>5-1, Shchelkovskoye sh., Moscow, 105122</p><p>Scopus AuthorID 6602931676</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vm@mwsystems.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО «Микроволновые системы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Microwave Systems</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>57</fpage><lpage>73</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Миннебаев В.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Миннебаев В.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Minnebaev V.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rtj-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/1127">https://www.rtj-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/1127</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цели</title><p>Цели. Гетероструктурные полевые транзисторы на нитриде галлия (GaN HFET, heterostructural field-effect transistor) являются наиболее перспективными полупроводниковыми устройствами для силовой и сверхвысокочастотной электроники. За последние 10–15 лет GaN HFET прочно заняли место в аппаратуре радиоэлектронных средств передачи, приема и обработки информации, а также в изделиях силовой электроники за счет существенных преимуществ в энергетических и тепловых параметрах. При этом вопросы обеспечения их долговременной надежности стоят не менее остро, чем для приборов на других полупроводниковых материалах. Целью исследования является обзор тепловых и механических механизмов деградаций в GaN HFET, обусловленных физико-химическими особенностями применяемых материалов, ростовыми и пост-ростовыми процессами, и способов купирования этих механизмов при разработке, производстве и эксплуатации.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Основным методом исследования является аналитический обзор результатов публикаций широкого круга специалистов в области физики полупроводников, технологии производства гетероэпитаксиальных структур и активных приборов на их основе, моделирования и проектирования модулей и аппаратуры, надежности и эксплуатации.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Описаны причины снижения показателей качества GaN HFET, вызываемые тепловыми перегревами, механическими деградациями, проблемами с горячими электронами и фононами в нитриде галлия, а также представлен обзор исследований, посвященных этим явлениям и методам снижения их воздействия на технические параметры транзисторов и показатели качества.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. По итогам исследования отмечено, что сильные электрические поля и высокая удельная тепловая нагруженность мощных GaN HFET вызывают физические, поляризационные, пьезоэлектрические и тепловые явления, способные приводить к перераспределению механических напряжений в активной области, деградации электрических характеристик и снижению надежности транзистора в целом. Установлено, что наличие полевой платы и пассивирующего слоя из нитрида кремния SiN приводят к снижению значений механических напряжений в области затвора в 1.3–1.5 раз, эффекты тепловой деградации в усилителях класса АВ выражены сильнее, чем эффекты воздействия сильных полей в усилителях класса E, при температуре активной зоны GaN HFET более 320–350 °C резко снижается время средней наработки до отказа.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Objectives. Gallium nitride heterostructural field-effect transistors (GaN HFET) are among the most promising semiconductor devices for power and microwave electronics. Over the past 10–15 years, GaN HFETs have firmly established their position in radio-electronic equipment for transmitting, receiving, and processing information, as well as in power electronics products, due to their significant advantages in terms of energy and thermal parameters. At the same time, issues associated with ensuring their reliability are no less acute than for devices based on other semiconductor materials. The aim of the study is to review the thermal and mechanical mechanisms of degradation in GaN HFETs due to the physicochemical characteristics of the materials used, as well as their corresponding growth and post-growth processes. Methods for preventing or reducing these mechanisms during development, production, and operation are evaluated.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The main research method consists in an analytical review of the results of publications by a wide range of specialists in the field of semiconductor physics, production technology of heteroepitaxial structures and active devices based on them, as well as the modeling and design of modules and equipment in terms of their reliable operation.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. As well as describing the problems of GaN HFET quality degradation caused by thermal overheating, mechanical degradation, problems with hot electrons and phonons in gallium nitride, the article provides an overview of research into these phenomena and methods for reducing their impact on transistor technical parameters and quality indicators.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The results of the study show that strong electric fields and high specific thermal loading of highpower GaN HFETs can cause physical, polarization, piezoelectric and thermal phenomena that lead to redistribution of mechanical stresses in the active region, degradation of electrical characteristics, and a decrease in the reliability ofthe transistor as a whole. Itis shown that the presence of a field-plate and a passivating SiN layer leads to a decrease in the values of mechanical stress in the gate area by 1.3–1.5 times. The effects of thermal degradation in class AB amplifiers are more pronounced than the effects of strong fields in class E amplifiers; moreover, the mean time to failure sharply decreases at GaN HFET active zone temperatures over 320–350°C.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>GaN HFET</kwd><kwd>гетероструктура</kwd><kwd>двухканальный HFET</kwd><kwd>HFET со связанными каналами</kwd><kwd>ток</kwd><kwd>саморазогрев</kwd><kwd>теплопроводность</kwd><kwd>деградация</kwd><kwd>легирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>GaN HFET</kwd><kwd>heterostructure</kwd><kwd>dual-channel HFET</kwd><kwd>coupled-channel HFET</kwd><kwd>current</kwd><kwd>self-heating</kwd><kwd>thermal conductivity</kwd><kwd>degradation</kwd><kwd>doping</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Акинин В.Е., Борисов О.В., Иванов К.А., Колковский Ю.В., Миннебаев В.М., Редька Ал.В. 350-Ваттный твердотельный усилитель мощности Х-диапазона частот с воздушным охлаждением. 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