<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mireabulletin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Russian Technological Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Technological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-3210</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-316X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RTU MIREA</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32362/2500-316X-2025-13-2-18-26</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">PJVWFG</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mireabulletin-1123</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ. ИНФОРМАТИКА. ПРОБЛЕМЫ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFORMATION SYSTEMS. COMPUTER SCIENCES. ISSUES OF INFORMATION SECURITY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Информационное онтологическое моделирование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Informational ontological modeling</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1359-9799</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цветков</surname><given-names>В. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsvetkov</surname><given-names>Viktor Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цветков Виктор Яковлевич, д.т.н., д.э.н., профессор, профессор кафедры инструментального и прикладного программного обеспечения, Институт информационных технологий; Лауреат Премии Президента РФ, Лауреат Премии Правительства РФ, академик Российской академии информатизации образования, академик Российской академии космонавтики им. К.Э. Циолковского</p><p>119454, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 78</p><p>Scopus Author ID 56412459400;</p><p>ResearcherID J-5446-2013</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor Ya. Tsvetkov, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Professor, Department of Instrumental and Applied Software, Institute of Information Technologies; Laureate of the Prize of the President of the Russian Federation, Laureate of the Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation, Academician at the Russian Academy of Education Informatization, Academician at the K.E. Tsiolkovsky Russian Academy of Cosmonautics</p><p>78, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119454</p><p>Scopus Author ID 56412459400;</p><p>ResearcherID J-5446-2013</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cvj7@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6784-3369</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курдюков</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurdyukov</surname><given-names>Nikita S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Курдюков Никита Сергеевич, аспирант, кафедра инструментального и прикладного программного обеспечения, Институт информационных технологий</p><p>119454, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikita S. Kurdyukov, Postgraduate Student, Department of Instrumental and Applied Software, Institute of Information Technologies</p><p>78, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nskurdyukov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МИРЭА – Российский технологический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MIREA – Russian Technological University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>18</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Цветков В.Я., Курдюков Н.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Цветков В.Я., Курдюков Н.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tsvetkov V.Y., Kurdyukov N.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rtj-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/1123">https://www.rtj-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/1123</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цели</title><p>Цели. Несмотря на широкое применение термина «онтология» в философии и социальных науках, в области информатики онтология и, тем более, онтологическое моделирование остаются мало изученными. Также мало исследована онтология в области информационного поля. Цель работы – разработка методики информационного онтологического моделирования и исследование технологии информационного поиска в широком смысле и как части онтологического моделирования. На основе онтологического моделирования необходимо показать различие между закономерностью и функциональной зависимостью.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Для достижения цели применен логически структурный подход, включающий построение концептуальных схем и логический формализм их описания. Логически структурный подход включает построение концептуальных схем, которые служат для применения логического формализма. Основой логического моделирования является выделение родственных моделей. Для этой цели предлагается применить расширенную технологию информационного поиска, которая ищет не отдельные объекты, а группы объектов. Онтологическое исследование строится на применении перехода от качественного описания к количественному. К числу применяемых методов относится метод количественно-качественных переходов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Вводится новое понятие – информационное онтологическое моделирование. Обоснованы условия онтологического моделирования. Исследованы отношения между понятиями закономерности и функциональности. На этой основе дается трактовка закономерности и функциональной зависимости. Показано структурное и формальное различие между информационным моделированием, технологиями информационного поиска и онтологическим моделированием. Раскрыты три задачи информационного поиска. При онтологическом моделировании решают вторую и третью задачи информационного поиска, соответственно, поиск группы связанных между собой объектов и поиск отношений или связей внутри группы связанных между собой объектов. Даны формальные схемы онтологического моделирования. Показан переход от отношений к связям в случае онтологического моделирования.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Доказано, что онтологическое моделирование можно применять только к родственным моделям или к моделям, между которыми существует общность. Предложена технология онтологического моделирования, в варианте которой информационный поиск является начальной частью онтологического моделирования. Вторым вариантом является применение технологии кластерного анализа. Онтологическое моделирование использует качественно-количественные переходы и в предлагаемом варианте может служить для извлечения неявного знания.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Objectives. Despite the wide application of the term “ontology” in philosophy and social sciences, ontological modeling in the fields of computer science and information theory remains poorly studied. The purpose of the work is to develop a methodology for the ontological modeling of information and to clarify the theory of information retrieval technology both in a broad sense and as part of ontological modeling. Relevant problems in ontological modeling include the necessity of demonstrating the difference between regularity and functional dependence.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. To achieve the stated goal, a logically structural approach is used, including the construction of conceptual schemes and their description in terms of logical formalism. The logically structural approach includes the construction of conceptual schemes that serve to apply logical formalism. The basis of logical modeling involves the selection of related models. The extended information retrieval technology proposed for this purpose searches not for individual objects, but for groups of objects. Since ontological research is based on a transition from qualitative to quantitative description, the methods used include quantitative-qualitative transitions.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A new concept of ontological modeling of information is introduced. The conditions of ontological modeling are substantiated. Relationships between the concepts of regularity and functionality are investigated. On this basis, an interpretation of regularity and functional dependence is given. Structural and formal differences between information modeling, information retrieval technologies, and ontological modeling are demonstrated. Three information retrieval tasks are described, of which the second and third tasks involving the search for a group of related objects and the search for relationships or connections within a group of related objects, respectively, are solved using ontological modeling. Formal schemes of ontological modeling are provided. The transition from relations to connections in the case of ontological modeling is demonstrated.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Ontological modeling is shown to be applicable only to related models or to models between which there is a commonality. A technology of ontological modeling is proposed, in which version information retrieval is the initial part, while the second option involves the use of cluster analysis technology. Since ontological modeling uses qualitatively quantitative transitions, the proposed variant can be used to extract implicit knowledge.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>моделирование</kwd><kwd>онтологическое моделирование</kwd><kwd>информационный поиск</kwd><kwd>информационное поле</kwd><kwd>закономерность</kwd><kwd>обобщение</kwd><kwd>логически структурное описание</kwd><kwd>родственные модели</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>modeling</kwd><kwd>ontological modeling</kwd><kwd>information retrieval</kwd><kwd>information field</kwd><kwd>regularity</kwd><kwd>generalization</kwd><kwd>logical structural description</kwd><kwd>related models</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gigi M., Tzfadia E. Frontieriphery: An anti-positivist ontological approach to intersectional investigation. Ethnopolitics. 2023;23(4):1–17. http://doi.org/10.1080/17449057.2023.2176586</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gigi M., Tzfadia E. Frontieriphery: An anti-positivist ontological approach to intersectional investigation. Ethnopolitics. 2023;23(4):1–17. http://doi.org/10.1080/17449057.2023.2176586</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bader S., Pullmann J., Mader C., et al. The international data spaces information model–an ontology for sovereign exchange of digital content. In: Pan J.Z., et al. The Semantic Web – ISWC 2020. ISWC 2020. Series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer; 2020. V. 12507. P. 176–192. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62466-8_12</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bader S., Pullmann J., Mader C., et al. The international data spaces information model–an ontology for sovereign exchange of digital content. In: Pan J.Z., et al. The Semantic Web – ISWC 2020. ISWC 2020. Series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer; 2020. V. 12507. P. 176–192. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62466-8_12</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lin J., Ma X., Lin S.C., et al. Pyserini: A Python toolkit for reproducible information retrieval research with sparse and dense representations. In: Proceedings of the 44th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval. 2021. Р. 2356–2362. https://doi.org/10.1145/3404835.3463238</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lin J., Ma X., Lin S.C., et al. Pyserini: A Python toolkit for reproducible information retrieval research with sparse and dense representations. In: Proceedings of the 44th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval. 2021. Р. 2356–2362. https://doi.org/10.1145/3404835.3463238</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кудж С.А. Информационное поле. М.: МАКС Пресс; 2017. 97 с. ISBN 978-5-317-05530-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kudzh S.A. Informacionnoe pole (Information Field). Moscow: MAKS Press; 2017. 97 p. (in Russ.). ISBN 978-5-317-05530-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bolbakov R.G., Sinitsyn A.V., Tsvetkov V.Ya. Onomasiological modeling in the information field. J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. The Third International Conference on Metrological Support of Innovative Technologies (ICMSIT-III-2022). 2022;2373(2):2201. http://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2373/2/022010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bolbakov R.G., Sinitsyn A.V., Tsvetkov V.Ya. Onomasiological modeling in the information field. J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. The Third International Conference on Metrological Support of Innovative Technologies (ICMSIT-III-2022). 2022;2373(2):2201. http://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2373/2/022010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sánchez-Zas C., Villagra V., Vega-Barbas M., et al. Ontology-based approach to real-time risk management and cybersituational awareness. Future Gener. Comput. Syst. 2023;141(2):462–472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2022.12.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sánchez-Zas C., Villagra V., Vega-Barbas M., et al. Ontology-based approach to real-time risk management and cybersituational awareness. Future Gener. Comput. Syst. 2023;141(2):462–472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2022.12.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Milton S., Kazmierczak E., Thomas L. Ontological foundations of data modeling in information systems. In: AMCIS 2000 Proceedings. 2000. P. 292. URL: https://aisel.aisnet.org/amcis2000/292</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Milton S., Kazmierczak E., Thomas L. Ontological foundations of data modeling in information systems. In: AMCIS 2000 Proceedings. 2000. P. 292. Available from URL: https://aisel.aisnet.org/amcis2000/292</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lu W., Xiong N., Park D.S. An ontological approach to support legal information modeling. J. Supercomput. 2012;62:53–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-011-0647-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lu W., Xiong N., Park D.S. An ontological approach to support legal information modeling. J. Supercomput. 2012;62:53–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-011-0647-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee Y.C., Eastman C.M., Solihin W. An ontology-based approach for developing data exchange requirements and model views of building information modeling. Adv. Eng. Informatics. 2016;30(3):354–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2016.04.008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee Y.C., Eastman C.M., Solihin W. An ontology-based approach for developing data exchange requirements and model views of building information modeling. Adv. Eng. Informatics. 2016;30(3):354–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2016.04.008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karshenas S., Niknam M. Ontology-based building information modeling. Comput. Civil Eng. 2013;2013:476–483. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784413029.060</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karshenas S., Niknam M. Ontology-based building information modeling. Comput. Civil Eng. 2013;2013:476–483. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784413029.060</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сигов А.С., Цветков В.Я., Рогов И.Е. Методы оценки сложности тестирования в сфере образования. Russian Technological Journal. 2021;9(6):64–72. https://doi.org/10.32362/2500-316X-2021-9-6-64-72</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sigov A.S., Tsvetkov V.Ya., Rogov I.E. Method for assessing testing difficulty in educational sphere. Russian Technological Journal. 2021;9(6):64−72. https://doi.org/10.32362/2500-316X-2021-9-6-64-72</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kogalovsky M.R., Kalinichenko L.A. Conceptual and ontological modeling in information systems. Program. Comput. Soft. 2009;35:241–256. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0361768809050016</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kogalovsky M.R., Kalinichenko L.A. Conceptual and ontological modeling in information systems. Program. Comput. Soft. 2009;35:241–256. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0361768809050016</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сигов А.С., Цветков В.Я. Неявное знание: оппозиционный логический анализ и типологизация. Вестник Российской Академии Наук. 2015;85(9):800–804. https://doi.org/10.7868/S0869587315080319</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sigov A.S., Tsvetkov V.Ya. Tacit knowledge: Oppositional logical analysis and typologization. Her. Russ. Acad. Sci. 2015;85(5):429–433. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1019331615040073 [Original Russian Text: Sigov A.S., Tsvetkov V.Ya. Tacit knowledge: Oppositional logical analysis and typologization. Vestnik Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. 2015;85(9):800–804 (in Russ.). https://doi.org/10.7868/S0869587315080319 ]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ostrom T.M., Pryor J.B., Simpson D.D. The organization of social information. In: Social Cognition. Routledge; 2022. P. 3–38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ostrom T.M., Pryor J.B., Simpson D.D. The organization of social information. In: Social Cognition. Routledge; 2022. P. 3–38.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tsvetkov V.Ya., Romanchenko A., Tkachenko D., et al. The Information Field as an Integral Model. In: Silhavy R., Silhavy P. (Eds.). Software Engineering Research in System Science. CSOC 2023. Series: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Springer. 2023;722:174–183. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35311-6_19</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsvetkov V.Ya., Romanchenko A., Tkachenko D., et al. The Information Field as an Integral Model. In: Silhavy R., Silhavy P. (Eds.). Software Engineering Research in System Science. CSOC 2023. Series: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Springer. 2023;722:174–183. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35311-6_19</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ikotun A.M., Ezugwu A.E., Abualigah L., et al. K-means clustering algorithms: A comprehensive review, variants analysis, and advances in the era of big data. Inf. Sci. 2023;622(11):178–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2022.11.139</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ikotun A.M., Ezugwu A.E., Abualigah L., et al. K-means clustering algorithms: A comprehensive review, variants analysis, and advances in the era of big data. Inf. Sci. 2023;622(11):178–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2022.11.139</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thayyib P.V., Mamilla R., Khan M., et al. State-of-the-art of artificial intelligence and big data analytics reviews in five different domains: a bibliometric summary. Sustainability. 2023;15(5):4026. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054026</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thayyib P.V., Mamilla R., Khan M., et al. State-of-the-art of artificial intelligence and big data analytics reviews in five different domains: a bibliometric summary. Sustainability. 2023;15(5):4026. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054026</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
