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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mireabulletin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Russian Technological Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Technological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-3210</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-316X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RTU MIREA</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32362/2500-316X-2025-13-1-89-102</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">OVSTWY</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mireabulletin-1076</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ РАДИОТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ И ТЕЛЕКОММУНИКАЦИОННЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MODERN RADIO ENGINEERING AND TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Моделирование цифровой пространственной обработки в условиях тропосферного распространения сантиметровых радиоволн для задач телекоммуникации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modeling of digital spatial processing under conditions of troposphere propagation of centimeter radio waves for wireless telecommunication</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8370-6954</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пешков</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Peshkov</surname><given-names>Ilia W.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пешков Илья Владимирович, к.ф.-м.н., доцент, кафедра физики, радиотехники и электроники,</p><p>399770, Елец, ул. Коммунаров, д. 28.</p><p>Scopus AuthorID: 7003332128,</p><p>ResearcherID: L-6734-2013.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilia W. Peshkov, Cand. Sci. (Phys.–Math.), Associate Professor, Department of Physics, Radio Engineering and Electronics, </p><p>28, Kommunarov ul., Yelets, 399770.</p><p>Scopus AuthorID: 7003332128,</p><p>ResearcherID: L-6734-2013.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilvpeshkov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1265-7195</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисов</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisov</surname><given-names>Dmitry N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Борисов Дмитрий Николаевич, к.т.н. доцент, заведующий кафедрой информационных систем, </p><p>394018, Воронеж, Университетская пл., д. 1. </p><p>Scopus AuthorID: 54901090900,</p><p>ResearcherID: J-5289-2014.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry N. Borisov, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Information systems,</p><p>1, Universitetskaya pl., Voronezh, 394018.</p><p>Scopus AuthorID: 54901090900,</p><p>ResearcherID: J-5289-2014.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">borisov@sc.vsu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Елецкий государственный университет им. И.А. Бунина»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bunin Yelets State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Voronezh State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>89</fpage><lpage>102</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пешков И.В., Борисов Д.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пешков И.В., Борисов Д.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Peshkov I.W., Borisov D.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rtj-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/1076">https://www.rtj-mirea.ru/jour/article/view/1076</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цели</title><p>Цели. Прохождение радиолуча в слоях атмосферы зависит от показателя преломления и характера его вертикального изменения. В связи с этим могут возникнуть условия, когда радиолучи на малых высотах будут распространяться волноводным образом. При этом происходит затухание сигнала с отличающимися угловыми координатами по углу места. Целью работы является исследование на основе моделирования алгоритмов работы цифровых антенных решеток (ЦАР) для повышения дальности и надежности радиосвязи в условиях тропосферного волновода. Основными преимуществами ЦАР являются высокий коэффициент усиления и управляемость формы диаграммы направленности. При этом необходимо воспользоваться методами моделирования распространения луча в слоях тропосферы для оценки работы алгоритмов оценки угловых координат со сверхразрешением с последующим диаграммообразованием.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. В работе используется аппарат параболических уравнений для оценки коэффициента затуханий радиоволн сантиметрового диапазона, а также алгоритм трассировки лучей через тропосферный волновод для оценки фаз в раскрыве антенн ЦАР. В этом случае будет достоверно сформирована пространственная корреляционная матрица, являющаяся основой для вычисления координат со сверхразрешением (метод MUSIC) и вектора весовых коэффициентов (алгоритм максимизации отношения сигнал/помеха + шум).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Рассмотрены типичные случаи возникновения тропосферного волновода на основе модифицированного показателя преломления. Получены графики вероятности битовых ошибок после прохождения сигнала по тропосферному волноводу при разной геометрии антенных решеток. Рассмотрены кольцевые и сферические решетки из направленных антенных элементов.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Проведенные численные исследования позволяют сделать вывод, что дальность связи в диапазоне сантиметровых волн увеличивается с помощью ЦАР. Кроме того, установлено, что кольцевая антенная решетка позволяет получить самые низкие значения вероятности битовой ошибки при приеме дискретных радиосигналов в тропосферном волноводе.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Objectives. A radio beam traveling through the layers of the atmosphere depends on the refractive index and its vertical variation. In this regard, attenuation may occur when radio rays propagate in a waveguide manner at low altitudes. A multipath fading effect may also occur when several rays reflected from different layers of the troposphere and having different spatial coordinates in elevation arrive at the receiver. The aim of the study is to simulate the operational algorithms of digital antenna arrays (DAA) in order to increase the range and reliability of radio communication using a tropospheric waveguide. The main advantage of the DAA consists in the high gain and controllability of the pattern shape. In order to evaluate algorithms for direction-of-arrival estimation with superresolution and beamforming, it is necessary to select an appropriate method for modeling beam propagation in the layers of the troposphere. It is proposed to use DAA to increase the range and reliability of radio communications using a tropospheric waveguide. The performance of algorithms for direction-of-arrival estimation and beamforming in the troposphere can be evaluated using ray tracing simulation.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. Parabolic equations are used to estimate the path losses of radio waves in the centimeter range. A ray tracing algorithm referring to a tropospheric waveguide is used to estimate the phases in the aperture of the receiving array. A spatial correlation matrix is reliably generated to form the basis for calculating coordinates using a superresolution multiple signal classification (MUSIC) method and the weighting factor vector (algorithm for maximizing the signal-to-noise + noise ratio).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Typical cases of a tropospheric waveguide based on a modified refractive index were considered. The bit error rate curves are obtained as a function of the geometry of the antenna arrays after the signal has passed through the tropospheric waveguide. Circular and spherical antenna arrays composed of directional antenna elements are considered.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Numerical studies suggest that the range of communication links using digital antenna arrays increases in the centimeter band. The best geometry for this purpose is circular, since providing the lowest bit error rate for binary phase-shift keyed signals.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цифровые антенные решетки</kwd><kwd>пеленгация</kwd><kwd>MUSIC</kwd><kwd>диаграммообразование</kwd><kwd>тропосферная связь</kwd><kwd>моделирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>digital antenna array</kwd><kwd>direction-of-arrival estimation</kwd><kwd>MUSIC method</kwd><kwd>beamforming</kwd><kwd>tropospheric waveguide</kwd><kwd>simulation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-21-00125, https://rscf.ru/project/23-21-00125/.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 23-21-00125, https://rscf.ru/ project/23-21-00125/.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schelleng J.C., Burrows C.R., Ferell E.B. 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